初中重點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法小型總結(jié)

1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat(感官動(dòng)詞)+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump2（比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)）表示越來(lái)越怎么樣You’llbebetterandbetter3apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟（容易）4agreewithsb贊成某人

5allkindsof各種各樣，akindof一樣6allovertheworld=thewholeworld整個(gè)世界7alongwith同一道，伴隨Iwillgoalongwithyou我將和你一起去

8Assoonas一怎么樣就怎么樣9asyoucansee你是知道的10askfor求助向要（直接接想要的東西）eg:askyouformybook11asksbforsth向某人什么

12asksbtodosth叫某人做某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事13attheageof在歲時(shí)eg：IamsixteenIamattheageofsixteen14atthebeginningof的起初；的開(kāi)始

15attheendof+地點(diǎn)/+時(shí)間最后；盡頭；末尾eg:Attheendoftheday16atthistimeofyear在每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候

17be/feelconfidentofsth感覺(jué)/對(duì)什么有信心，自信eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglish18be+doing表示：1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)2將來(lái)時(shí)

19beabletodo=cando能夠eg:SheisabletosingShecansing20

21beafraidtodo/ofsth恐懼，害怕eg:I"mafraidtogooutatnight.I"mafraidofthedog22beallowedtodo被允許做什么eg:I"mallowedtowatchTV我被允許看電視23beangrywithsb生某人的氣eg:Don"tbeangrywithme24beangrywith(at)sbfor(doing)sth為而生某人的氣

25beas+形容詞原級(jí)+as和什么一樣eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一樣高26beashamedto為做而感到羞恥

27keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離28beawayfrom從離開(kāi)

29bebadfor對(duì)有害eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes在太陽(yáng)下看書(shū)對(duì)你的眼睛不好30bebornat/in出生于eg：IwasborninChina.

31bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于

32becareful當(dāng)心；小心33bedifferentfrom和什么不一樣34befamousfor以著名35befriendlytosb對(duì)某人友好36befrom=comefrom來(lái)自eg：HeisfromBeijing=HecomesfromBeijing

37befullof=befilledwith充滿/裝滿了eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater38begladtodo很高興去做某事39begoingtodo將來(lái)時(shí)40begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善長(zhǎng),善于

41begoodfor對(duì)什么有好處eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish

42behappytodo很高興做某事43beingoodhealth身體健康

44behelpfultosb對(duì)某人有好處eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大聲朗讀對(duì)你有好處45beintrouble處于困難中eg:Sheisintrouble。46beinterestedin對(duì)某方面感興趣

47belatefor遲到eg:Belateforclass上課遲到48belike像eg:I"mlikemymother

49bemadat=beangrywith生某人的氣50bemadefrom由制成(制成以后看不見(jiàn)原材料)51bemadeof由制成(制成以后還看得見(jiàn)原材料)52benotsure表不確定

53beonavisitto參觀54bepopularwithsb受某人歡迎55bequiet安靜56beshortfor是的縮寫(xiě)57besorrytodosth58besickinbed生病在床59besorryforsb對(duì)某人感到遺憾、抱歉60besure表示確定61bestrictindoingsth嚴(yán)于做某事eg:He"sstrictinobeyingrules

62bestrictwithsb對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格eg:Theyarenotstrictwiththemselves他們對(duì)自己不嚴(yán)格63bestrictwithsbinsth某方面對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格64besupposedtodo被要求干什么

66besureofdoingsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureoflearningEnglishwell67besureofsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:I"msureofmyhead(myteacher我相信我的大腦（老師）68besurethatsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:I"msurethathecanpassthetest我相信他能通過(guò)考試69besuretodosth一定會(huì)做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest我們一定會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試70beterrifiedof+名/動(dòng)doing害怕71beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事72bethesameas和什么一樣73beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣做某事eg:Heisusedtogettingupearly他習(xí)慣早睡74beworthdoing值得做什么75be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat叢句76because+句子becauseof+短語(yǔ)eg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadache77begintodo=starttodo開(kāi)始做某事startwith=beginwith以開(kāi)始eg:Ibegintogohome.Let"sbeginthegamewiththesong.

78betweenand兩者之間79bother打擾bothersbtodosth

Theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks這個(gè)問(wèn)題困擾了我?guī)讉�(gè)周了He"sbotheringmetolendhimmoney80takesbto+地點(diǎn)帶某人去某地eg:Canyoutakemetothehospital?

81borrowsthfromsb向某人借某物lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借給什么東西eg:Iborrowedapenfromhim.Helentapentome(helentmeapen

82bytheendof到為止83callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang84careabout關(guān)心eg:Don"tyoucareaboutthiscountry"sfuture?你為什么不關(guān)心國(guó)家的未來(lái)85catchupwithsb趕上某人86chatwithsb和某人閑談87comein進(jìn)88comeoverto過(guò)來(lái)

89comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一個(gè)好辦法嗎？90communicatewithsb和某人交流

91consider+doing考慮做什么eg:WhynotconsidergoingtoLuzhou為什么不考慮去瀘州？92danceto隨著跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic她喜歡隨著音樂(lè)跳舞

93decidetodosth決定做某事94doasurveyof做某方面的調(diào)查95dobetterin在方面做得更好96dowrong做錯(cuò)

97Don"tforgettodosth不要忘了做某事98Don"tmind+doing/從句/名詞不要介意99each+單數(shù)名詞，每一個(gè)eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一些書(shū)100endup+doing101enjoy+doing喜歡

102escapefrom從逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison犯人從監(jiān)獄里逃跑出來(lái)103expecttodosth期待做某事104falldown摔下來(lái)falloff從哪摔下來(lái)105fallinlovewithsb/sth愛(ài)上什么106finish完成+doing（名詞）

107find+it+adj+todo發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣112fromto從某某到某某eg:Frommeforher108findsb/sth+adj發(fā)現(xiàn)什么怎么樣eg:Ifindthebookinteresting109farfrom離某地遠(yuǎn)eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome

110fittosb=befitforsb適合某人111forgettodo沒(méi)有做而忘了

eg:Don"tforgettogohomeforgetdoing做了而又忘了eg：Iforgetclosingdoor113get/havesthdown做完，被（別人）做eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了）Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了（被牙醫(yī)拔掉了）114getapart-timejob=findapart-timejob

115getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb與某人相處得好

116getalongwithsb=getonwithsb與某人相處117getreadyfor=bereadyfor為什么而準(zhǔn)備eg:IgetreadyformathIamreadyformath118getsbintotrouble給某人麻119getsbtodosth120getfrom從某處得到某物

121giveatalk做報(bào)告eg:Heisgiveatall122givesthtosbgivesbsth給某人某物123gofish釣魚(yú)goswimming游泳124gooutawayfromgooutof

125goontodo去做下一件事goondoing繼續(xù)做這件事126gotoschool上學(xué)（用于專(zhuān)業(yè)的）gototheschool去學(xué)校（不一定是上學(xué)，有可能只是去學(xué)校）127goodwayto好方法128hatetodo討厭沒(méi)做過(guò)的事hatedoing討厭做過(guò)的事

129haveapartyforsb舉辦誰(shuí)的晚會(huì)130haveatalk聽(tīng)報(bào)告談一談

131havebeendoing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)eg:YouhavebeentalkingYouhavebeensleepingsince132havebeento(地方）去過(guò)某過(guò)地方havegoneto（地方）去了某地還沒(méi)回來(lái)133havefun+doing玩得高興134havesthtodo有什么事要做

eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做Ihavenothingtodo我沒(méi)什么事情做135havetodosth必須做某事136havetime+doing有的時(shí)間做某事

137havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth在做某事情上有麻煩

138have(時(shí)間)off放假eg:Ihavemonthoff我請(qǐng)一個(gè)月得假

139hearsb+do/doing聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人做某事/正在做某事140helpalot很大用處

141helpsbwithsth\\one"ssth幫助某人某事（某方面）helpsb(to)dosth幫助某人做某事

142hopetodosth希望做某事143Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)144howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你對(duì)的看法

145if＝whether是否eg:Idon"tknowif(whether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道是否應(yīng)去參加晚會(huì)Hedon"tknowif(whether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我們明天早上是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)146if:如果，假如“主將從現(xiàn)”eg:I"llgotoLuZhouifitdoesn’train假如明天不下雨，我就去瀘州Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他們要改變計(jì)劃，他們會(huì)讓我知道的147inone"sopinion=sbthink某人認(rèn)為148insomeways在某些方面149intheend=finally(adv)最后150inthesun在太陽(yáng)下151inthenorthof什么在什么的北方（north北south南west西east東）

152increase增加eg:They"veincreasedthepriceofpetrolby3%他們把石油價(jià)增加了3%153insteadof+（名）代替eg:I"dlikeanappleinsteadofapear我想要蘋(píng)果，而不要梨子154introducesbtosb介紹某人給某人introduceoneself自我介紹

155invitesbtodosth邀請(qǐng)某人做某事156It"s+adj+todo做某事怎么樣

157Ittakessbsometimetodosth做某人花掉某人多少時(shí)間eg:Ittookme5minutestodomyhomework158It"s+adj+forsbtodosth對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事怎么樣

159It"s+adjforsb對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)怎么樣It"s+adjofsb對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)太怎么樣160It"s+adj(forsb)todo（對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)）做某事怎么樣

161It"sagoodideaforsbtodosth對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)好主意

162It"simportanttosb對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)很重要eg:It"simportanttome

163It"stimetodosth=It"stimeforsth到了該去做某事的時(shí)間eg:It"stimetohaveclass164join=takepartin參加165justnow剛才

166keep+sb/sth+adj/介詞短語(yǔ)讓什么保持什么樣？167keepout不讓進(jìn)入

168keepsbadj讓保持eg:Iwanttokeepmymotherhappykeephealthy保持健康

169keyto+名詞表示：某物的鑰匙或某題的答案170keytoanswertokey可以是答題或鑰匙171laughat取笑eg:Don"tlaughatothersWelaughedatthejoke

172learnbyoneself自學(xué)173learntodosth學(xué)做某事174learnfromsb向某人學(xué)習(xí)eg:WeshouldlearnfromLeiFeng

175letsbdosth讓某人做某事176Letsbdown讓某人失望

178livein+大地方/at+小地方居住在某地eg:IliveinLuZhouShelivesatXuanTan179lookafter=takecareof照顧照看180loseone"sway誰(shuí)迷路

181makeadecisiontodosth決定做某事182makeitearly把時(shí)間定的早一點(diǎn)183makefriendswithsb和誰(shuí)成為朋友eg:Iwanttomakefriendswithyou

184makeonexhibitionofoneself讓某人出洋相185makesb/sthadj使某人/某物怎么樣186makesb/n+n使什么成為什么eg:ImadehermystepmollerImadeyoumywife187makesb/sth+adj使某人（某物）怎么樣eg:Youmustmadeyourbedclean188makesbdosth讓某人做某事eg:Imadehimwrite我以前讓他寫(xiě)

189makeupbemadeupof(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）由組成190makedifferenceto191mindsbtodomindone"sdoing介意做什么192most+名mostof+代193muchtoo+形容詞194mustbe一定195need+名詞

196needsbdosth需要某人做某事197needtodo(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）needdo(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）198no/neitherofhatetodono/neitherofhatedoing199no+名詞

200notanymore=nomore再也不eg:Hedidn"tcryanymoreHecriednomore他再也不哭201not(形、副）atalleg:He"snottallatallshedoesn"tjunpfaratall202notatall一點(diǎn)都不203notuntil直到才

eg:Ididn"tsleepuntilmymothercamebackThechilddidn"tstopcryinguntilIgivehersugar204noteither表否定，也不eg:Idon"thavesister,either我也沒(méi)有姐姐205offer/providesbwithsth給某人提供

206offersbsth=offersthtosb提供某物給某人eg:Iofferyouwater(Iofferwatertoyou我給你提供水207onone"swayto在誰(shuí)去那的路上208ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)intime及時(shí)209ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面

210onthephone=overthephone用電話交談211oneday＝someday＝someday一天，有一天212oneof+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式213onetoanother一個(gè)到另一個(gè)214overandoveragain一遍又一遍的eg:Hecleanedtheflooroverandoveragin

215part-timejob兼職工作fall-timejob全職工作216payfor付錢(qián)paythebill開(kāi)錢(qián)，付錢(qián)217practice+doing練習(xí)做某事218pleasehelpyourself219pleasedwithsb220poolinto=poreinto

222prefersthtosth相對(duì)更喜歡eg:Ipreferphysicstochemisty在物理和化學(xué)中，我更喜歡物理preferdoingtosth比起更喜歡去做eg:Heprefersridingabiketodiving他比起開(kāi)小車(chē)更喜歡騎自行車(chē)。prefertodosthratherthandosth寧愿做也不愿

eg:Myunclepreferstobuyanowcarratherthanrepaivtheusedone我叔叔更喜歡買(mǎi)新的車(chē)，也不去修舊車(chē)prefersbnottodosth更愿意eg:Ipreferhernottocome我不喜歡她不來(lái)223pretendtodosth裝著去做什么pretendthat從句

eg:Thetwocheatspretendedtobeworkingveryhard這兩個(gè)騙子裝著努力工作Hepretendedthathedidnotknowtheanswer他裝著不知道答案

224ratherthan寧可也不eg:Iwouldratherbeadoctorthanateacher我愿肯當(dāng)醫(yī)生，也不當(dāng)老師225regardas把當(dāng)作eg:Iregardyouasmyfriend我把你當(dāng)作我的朋友226remindsbaboutsth提醒某人什么事remindsbtodosth提醒某人做某事eg:heremindsmeaboutcooking=heremindsmetocook他提醒我做飯

227remindsbofsth使某人想起什么eg:thepicturesremindmeofmyschooldays這照片使我想起了我的學(xué)校228returnsthtosb還什么東西給某人229saytooneself對(duì)自己說(shuō)

230saytosb對(duì)某人說(shuō)231sbspendsomemoneyonsth花了多少錢(qián)在某事上232sbspendsometimewithsb花了多少時(shí)間陪誰(shuí)233sbwithsb+issbandsb+are234sbspendsometime(in)doingsth花了多少時(shí)間做某事

235seesbdo看見(jiàn)某人做過(guò)某事seesbdoing看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事

236seemtodo/be+adj顯得怎么樣eg:YouseemtobetiredYouseemtobehappy237send+sbsth送給某人某物238sendto把什么寄到哪里去？239shock使震驚eg:Oh,It"sonlyyou!Yougivemeashock啊，是你呀！嚇我一跳240showsbsth向某人展示某物eg:Ishowherthebook.

241showsbsth=showsthtosb拿什么東西給某人看eg:ShowmeyourpenShowyourpentome242showsthtosb向某人展示某物eg:Ishowthebooktoher.

243someothers一些另一些244startwith從開(kāi)始beginwith從開(kāi)始245stayawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離

eg:We"retoldtostayawayfromtheanimalswhenvisitingthezoo當(dāng)我們參觀zoo時(shí)，我們要遠(yuǎn)離動(dòng)物246stopdoing停下正在做的事247stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事248stopsb(from)doing阻止某人做某事249stoptodo停下正在做的事去做下一件事250such+名這樣，這種251suitsb適合某人252surprisesb使某人驚奇toone"ssurprise令某人驚奇

253takeclasses上課254takesbto把某人帶去eg:Itakeyoutothehospital255takewalks=takeawalk＝goforawalk散步

256①talkto對(duì)誰(shuí)說(shuō)eg:Italktoyou②talkwith和誰(shuí)說(shuō)eg:Italkwithhim③talkof談到eg:wetalkedofyou④talkabout談?wù)撽P(guān)于

257talkwithsb和某人說(shuō)話258teachsbsth教某人做某事259tellsbdosth告訴某人做某事260tellsbsth告訴某人某事261tellsbsthtellsbthat叢句tellsbnottodosthtellastory

262tellsbtodosth告訴某人做什么tellsbnottodosth告訴某人不要做什么263tellfrom264thankyoufor+doing

265thesame+名詞(doing)+as266thesame(名)asas(adjadv)as相同267thewaytodosth＝thewayofdoingsth做某事的方法eg:DoyouknowthewaytolearnEnglishDoyouknowthewayoflearningEnglish268thewayto（地點(diǎn)）到哪的269tooto太怎樣而不能=adj+enoughto足夠能=sothat+叢句

eg:Heistooyoungtogotoschool=Heissoyoungthathecan"tgotoschool=Heisoldenoughtogotoschool＝Heissooldthathecangotoschool

270translateinto把什么翻譯成什么eg:TranslateEnglishintoChinese271travelwithsb和某人去旅游

272tryone"sbesttodosth盡某人最大的努力去做某事eg:IwilltrymybesttolearnEnglishwell273trytodosth想干什么，但沒(méi)成功eg：Hetriedtoclimb他想爬上去，但沒(méi)成功trydoingsth想干什么，已經(jīng)做過(guò)了eg：Hetriedclimbing他想爬上去，已經(jīng)做過(guò)了274try（on）試衣服haveatry試一下275turndown開(kāi)小←→turnup開(kāi)大276turnoff關(guān)上←→turnon打開(kāi)open拆開(kāi)277upsidedown倒著278visitto參觀某個(gè)地方279waitforsb

等某人

擴(kuò)展閱讀：初中的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

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中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖

一．名詞

I.名詞的種類(lèi)：專(zhuān)有名詞普通名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞國(guó)名.地名.人名，團(tuán)體.機(jī)構(gòu)名稱個(gè)體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞II.名詞的數(shù)：1.規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：

名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es�，F(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishesleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的變-f和-fe為v再加-es3詞belief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs加-s4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻�詞以y結(jié)5toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys尾的，加-shero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes一般加-es以輔音字母加-o6piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos不少外來(lái)詞加-s結(jié)尾的名詞zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos兩者皆可7以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,2.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語(yǔ)里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people,police,cattle,staff部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,5population,crew,team,public,enemy,party復(fù)數(shù)（成員）customs(海關(guān)),forces(軍隊(duì)),times(時(shí)代),spirits(情緒),drinks(飲6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件報(bào)紙),manners(禮貌),looks(外表),brains(頭腦智力),greens(青菜),ruins(廢墟)Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans加-s表示Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese單復(fù)數(shù)同形7“某國(guó)以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為人”Englishmen,Frenchwomen-men,-womensons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)合成名8無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches詞womensingers,menservants將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)III.名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語(yǔ)法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加’s構(gòu)成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無(wú)生命的東西。1.’s所有格的構(gòu)成：theboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,單數(shù)名詞在末尾加’s復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加’不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’stheteachers’room,thetwins’mother,thechildren’stoys,women’srights,2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加’s或者’表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí),各名詞末尾均須加’s表示共有的所有關(guān)系時(shí)在最后一詞末加’sDickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’houseJapan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’sbikesJapanandAmerica’sproblems,JaneandMary’sfather表示＂某人家＂＂店鋪＂，所有格后名詞省略thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s2.’s所有格的用法：today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday１表示時(shí)間2theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches表示自然現(xiàn)象3thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry表示國(guó)家城市等地方的名詞4theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory表示工作群體5amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples表示度量衡及價(jià)值6與人類(lèi)活動(dòng)有特殊關(guān)系的名詞thelife’stime,theplay’splot7某些固定詞組abird’seyeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’send(不知所措)3.of所有格的用法：用于無(wú)生命的東西：thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)：theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents用于名詞化的詞：thestruggleoftheoppressed二．冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a,an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。I.不定冠詞的用法：1Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.指一類(lèi)人或事，相當(dāng)于akindof2Aboyiswaitingforyou.第一次提及某人某物，非特指3Westudyeighthoursaday.表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every，one4Wearenearlyofanage.表示“相同”相當(dāng)于thesame用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有AMr.Smithcametovisityouwhenyouwereout5ThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.類(lèi)似性質(zhì)的人或事6用于固定詞組中Acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8用于so(as,too,how)+形容詞之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.II.定冠詞的用法：1表示某一類(lèi)人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示說(shuō)話雙方都了解的或上文提到過(guò)的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于樂(lè)器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類(lèi)人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”theGreens,theWangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8用于國(guó)家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代inthe1990’s11用于表示單位的名詞前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時(shí)間的詞組前Hepattedmeontheshoulder.III.零冠詞的用法：12345專(zhuān)有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air名詞前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前學(xué)科，語(yǔ)言，球類(lèi)，棋類(lèi)名詞前Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?March,Sunday,NationalDay,springLincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.Helikesplayingfootball/chess.2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前bytrain,byair,byland7以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horsesareusefulanimals.

三．代詞：

I.代詞可以分為以下七大類(lèi)：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they人稱主格1代詞賓格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4this,that,these,those,such,some5who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6that,which,who,whom,whose,asone/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittle,7不定代詞other/another,all/both,neither/eitherII.不定代詞用法注意點(diǎn)：1.one,some與any:1)one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。Oneshouldlearntothinkofothers.Haveyouanybookmarks?No,Idon’thaveanybookmarks.Ihavesomequestionstoask.2)some可用于疑問(wèn)句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請(qǐng)求等。Wouldyoulikesomebananas?Couldyougivemesomemoney?3)some和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，some表示某個(gè)，any表示任何一個(gè)。Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.4)some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”，any可與比較級(jí)連用表示程度。Therearesome3,000studentsinthisschool.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?2.each和every:each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上。Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary./Each(ofus)hasadictionary./Weeachhaveadictionary.Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.3.none和no：

no等于notany，作定語(yǔ)。none作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。Thereisnowaterinthebottle.

Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.4.other和another:

1)other泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如：theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,

theother特指兩者中的另外一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)為theothers。如：Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.

Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.

2)another指“又一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”無(wú)所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”如：

Idon’tlikethisshirt,pleaseshowmeanother(one).

Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.5.all和both,neither和either

all表示不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.AllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish./NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞承諾中考115分、高考120分

物主形容詞性代詞名詞性反身代詞指示代詞疑問(wèn)代詞關(guān)系代詞my,your,his,her,its,our,their登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

Bothofusarenotteachers./Notbothofusareteachers./Eitherofusisateacher.

四．形容詞和副詞I.形容詞：

1.形容詞的位置：

1)形容詞作定語(yǔ)通常前置，但在下列情況后置：1修飾some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)nobodyabsent,everythingpossible2以-able,-ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級(jí)或only修飾的名詞之后thebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossible3alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置theonlypersonawake4和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)abridge50meterslong5成對(duì)的形容詞可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful6形容詞短語(yǔ)一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith2)多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序：代詞數(shù)詞性狀形容詞冠詞冠詞前大小指示代詞序數(shù)性質(zhì)新舊國(guó)籍材料的形容基數(shù)詞長(zhǎng)短顏色不定代詞詞狀態(tài)溫度產(chǎn)地質(zhì)地詞形狀代詞所有格名the詞allabeautifullargesecondonenewblackChinesesilkboththisgoodshortnextfourcoolyellowLondonstonesuchanotherpoorsquareyour3)復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成：1形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted6名詞+形容詞world-famous2形容詞+形容詞dark-blue7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-looking8名詞+過(guò)去分詞snow-covered4副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working9數(shù)詞+名詞+edthree-egged5副詞+過(guò)去分詞newly-built10數(shù)詞+名詞twenty-yearII.副詞副詞的分類(lèi)：1時(shí)間副詞soon,now,early,finally,once,recently5頻度副詞always,often,frequently,seldom,never2地點(diǎn)副詞here,nearby,outside,upwards,above6疑問(wèn)副詞how,where,when,whyhow,when,where,why,whether,however,3方式副詞hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really7連接副詞meanwhile4程度副詞almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather8關(guān)系副詞when,where,whyIII.形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)：形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)分為原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more和most。

1.同級(jí)比較時(shí)常常用as…as…以及notso(as)…as…如：Iamnotsogoodaplayerasyouare.

2.可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞有：much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,still,yet,byfar,any,agreatdeal。

3.表示一方隨另一方變化時(shí)用“themore…themore…”句型。如：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.4.用比較級(jí)來(lái)表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思。如：Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.5.表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)有如下幾種句型：

Ourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesaslargeasyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesthesizeofyours.6.表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒(méi)有最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。如：favourite,excellent,extreme,perfect。

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

五．介詞I.介詞分類(lèi)：1簡(jiǎn)單介詞about,across,after,against,among,around,at,below,beyond,during,in,on2合成介詞inside,into,onto,outof,outside,throughout,upon,within,without3短語(yǔ)介詞accordingto,becauseof,insteadof,upto,dueto,owingto,thanksto4雙重介詞fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,tillafter,inbetween5分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞considering(就而論),including6形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞like,unlike,near,next,oppositeII.常用介詞區(qū)別：1表示時(shí)間的in,on,atat表示片刻的時(shí)間，in表示一段的時(shí)間，on總是與日子有關(guān)2表示時(shí)間的since,fromsince指從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間，和完成時(shí)連用，from指從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始3表示時(shí)間的in,afterin指在一段時(shí)間之后，after表示某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后或用在過(guò)去時(shí)的一段時(shí)間中4表示地理位置的in,on,toin表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外5表示“在…上”的on,inon只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分6表示“穿過(guò)”的through,acrossthrough表示從內(nèi)部通過(guò)，與in有關(guān)，across表示在表面上通過(guò)，與on有關(guān)7表示“關(guān)于”的about,onabout指涉及到，on指專(zhuān)門(mén)論述8between與among的區(qū)別between表示在兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間9besides與except的區(qū)別besides指“除了…還有再加上”，except指“除了，減去什么”，不放在句首10表示“用”的in,withwith表示具體的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，單位，語(yǔ)言，聲音11as與like的區(qū)別as意為“作為，以…地位或身份”，like為“象…一樣”，指情形相似12in與into區(qū)別in通常表示位置（靜態(tài)），into表示動(dòng)向，不表示目的地或位置六．動(dòng)詞I.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：1.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一共有16種，以ask為例，將其各種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式列表如下：現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)ask/asksaskedshall/willaskshould/wouldask一般am/is/areaskingwas/wereaskingshall/willbeaskingshould/wouldbeasking進(jìn)行have/hasaskedhadaskedshall/willhaveaskedshould/wouldhaveasked完成shall/willhavebeenaskingshould/wouldhavebeenasking完成進(jìn)行have/hasbeenaskinghadbeenasking2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，它不能同表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，漢譯英時(shí)可加“已經(jīng)”等詞。簡(jiǎn)言之，利用過(guò)去，說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在。如：Ihavealreadyreadthenovelwrittenbytheworld-famouswriter.(已經(jīng)看過(guò)，且了解這本書(shū)的內(nèi)容)2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)，它可和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，漢譯英時(shí)可加“過(guò)”，“了”等詞。簡(jiǎn)言之，僅談過(guò)去，不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。如：Ireadthenovellastmonth.(只說(shuō)明上個(gè)月看了，不涉及現(xiàn)在是否記住)IlivedinBeijingfortenyears.（只說(shuō)明在北京住過(guò)十年，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)）3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：兩者都可以表示“從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，在含義上如著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí)，多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如著重表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行，即動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性時(shí)，則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。Ihavereadthatbook.我讀過(guò)那本書(shū)了。

Ihavebeenreadingthatbookallthemorning.我早上一直在讀那本書(shū)。4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)方式：將來(lái)時(shí)用法例句1will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形Mysisterwillbetennextyear.表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)含有“打算，計(jì)劃，即將”做某事，或表示很有It’sgoingtoclearup.2begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形We’regoingtohaveapartytonight.可能要發(fā)生某事2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

3be+doing進(jìn)行時(shí)表示go,come,start,move,leave,arrive等詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)Heismovingtothesouth.AretheyleavingforEurope?將來(lái)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示安排或計(jì)劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，后面Iwasabouttoleavewhenthebellrang.4beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形Themeetingisabouttoclose.一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)5beto+動(dòng)詞原形We’retomeetattheschoolgateatnoon.表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)時(shí)刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一Themeetingstartsatfiveo’clock.6一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)Theplaneleavesattenthisevening.般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)II.動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/areasked6過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingasked2一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/wereasked7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeenasked3一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/willbeasked8過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadbeenasked4過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/wouldbeasked9將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/wouldhavebeenasked5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeingasked10含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的can/must/maybeasked被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，只需將其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer./Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittlegirl.注漢語(yǔ)有一類(lèi)句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：Itisbelievedthat…Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…Itissaidthat…意Itiswellknownthat…Itmustbepointedoutthat…Itissupposedthat…Itisreportedthat…Itmustbeadmittedthat…Itishopedthat…事下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義：如：Thewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.Thebookisworthreadingtwice.項(xiàng)Thedoorwon’tshut./Theplaywon’tact.Theclotheswasheswell./Thebooksellswell.Thedishtastesdelicious./Waterfeelsverycold.下面詞或短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)態(tài)：leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belongto,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,agreewith,keepupwith,consistof,haveon,loseheart等等七．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞I.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法否定式疑問(wèn)式與簡(jiǎn)答能力（體力，智力，技能）cancannot/cannot/can’tdoCan…do…?Yes,…can.允許或許可（口語(yǔ)中常用）couldcouldn’tdoNo,…can’t.可能性（表猜測(cè)，用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中）May…do…?Yes,…may.maymaynotdo可以（問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求）No,…mustn’t/can’t.可能，或許（表推測(cè)）Might…do…?Yes,…might祝愿（用于倒裝句中）mightmightnotdoNo,…mightnot.Must…do…?Yes,…must.必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）mustmustnot/mustn’tdoNo,…needn’t/don’thaveto.肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測(cè)）Do…h(huán)avetodo…?只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)人稱havetodon’thavetodoYes,…do.No,…don’t.變化）oughtnotto/oughtn’ttoOught…todo…?oughtto應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語(yǔ)中多用shoulddoYes,…ought.No,…oughtn’t.Shall…do…?將要，會(huì)shallshallnot/shan’tdoYes,…shall.No,…shan’t.用于一三人稱征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

shouldwillwoulddareneed用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）shouldnot/shouldn’tdo本該（含有責(zé)備意味）willnot/won’tdo意愿，決心請(qǐng)求，建議，用在問(wèn)句中would比較委婉wouldnot/wouldn’tdo敢（常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中）需要必須（常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中）過(guò)去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）Should…do…?usedtoWill…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’t.Dare…do…?darenot/daren’tdoYes,…dare.No,…daren’t.Need…do…?neednot/needn’tdoYes,…must.No,…needn’t.Used…todo…?usednot/usedn’t/usen’ttoYes,…used.No,…use(d)n’t.doDid…usetodo…?didn’tusetodoYes,…did.No,…didn’t.II.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,may,might,could,can表示推測(cè)：以must為例。must+do(be)是推測(cè)現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進(jìn)行；must+bedoing推測(cè)可能正在進(jìn)行的事情；must+havedone是推測(cè)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情。1.must“肯定，一定”語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。HemustbeamanfromAmerica./Hemustbetalkingwithhisfriend./Hemusthavealreadyarrivedthere.2.may和might“也許”，后者語(yǔ)氣弱，更沒(méi)有把握�？捎糜诳隙ň浜头穸ň�。Hemaynotbeathome./Theymighthavefinishedtheirtask.3.can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can’t語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，用于肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)句中。Theweatherinthatcitycouldbecoldnow.Wecouldhavewalkedthere;itwassonear.（推測(cè)某事本來(lái)可能發(fā)生，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生）Canhebeintheofficenow?No,hecan’tbethere,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.(語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)，常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中)III.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞注意點(diǎn)：1.can和beableto:都可以表示能力。但beableto可以表達(dá)“某事終于成功”，而can無(wú)法表達(dá)此意。Beableto有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。另外，兩者不能重疊使用。2.usedto和would:usedto表示過(guò)去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣，而would只表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在。3.need和dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：兩者作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。其形式為：needn’t/daren’tdo；Need/dare…do…?做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)可用于肯定句，否定句和疑問(wèn)句。其形式為：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared)todo,don’t(doesn’t/didn’t)need/daretodo

八．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

I.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)、意義及構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成非謂語(yǔ)形式特征和作用時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)否定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)todotobedoneforsb.todo具有名詞，副詞和形容詞的作用tobedoingtohavebeendonesth.不定式在句中做主、賓、定、表和狀語(yǔ)tohavedonebeingdone現(xiàn)在doing在非謂havingbeendone分詞havingdone分語(yǔ)前加具有副詞和形容詞的作用not詞在句中做定、表、賓補(bǔ)和狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去done分詞doingbeingdonesb’sdoing具有名詞的作用動(dòng)名詞havingdonehavingbeendone在句中做主、賓、定和表語(yǔ)2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

II.做賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞比較：情況常用動(dòng)詞只接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen動(dòng)詞mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resist,consider只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的can’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,be動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)proudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,sticktobegin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue（接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)意義基本相同慣行為）need,want,require（接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式）兩stoptodo停止手中事，去做另一件事意義相反者stopdoing停止正在做的事都remember/forget/regrettodo（指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）goontodo（接著做另外一件事）可remember/forget/regretdoing（指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）goondoing（接著做同一件事）以trytodo（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）meantodo（打算做，企圖做）意義不同trydoing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）meandoing（意識(shí)是，意味著）can’thelptodo（不能幫忙做）can’thelpdoing（忍不住要做）III.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage不定式have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make現(xiàn)在分詞notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel過(guò)去分詞IV.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：舉例Ihavealotofpaperstotype.Ihavealotofpaperstobetyped.Shallwegototheswimmingpool?theboilingwater/theboiledwater與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之thedevelopingcountry/thedevelopedcountry過(guò)去分詞thefallingleaves/thefallenleaves前，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)完成V.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：區(qū)別舉例多表示一個(gè)特定的具體的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)可以借助于it把不定Mydreamistobecomeateacher.不定式移到句子后面。做表語(yǔ)有時(shí)可和主語(yǔ)交換位置，而且意義不變，并Toobeythelawisimportant.(dream,business,wish,idea,plan,duty,式且還能用what來(lái)提問(wèn)主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。task做主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用)與不定式的功能區(qū)別不大，然而它更接近于名詞，表示的動(dòng)作比較抽Itisnousesayingthatagainandagain.動(dòng)名象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)也可以用it做形式主語(yǔ)，做表語(yǔ)時(shí)Teachingismyjob.詞可以和主語(yǔ)互換位置。無(wú)名詞的性質(zhì)，不能做主語(yǔ)。但是有形容詞的性質(zhì)，可以做表語(yǔ)，多Thesituationisencouraging.分詞表明主語(yǔ)的特征性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài)等，可被very,quite,rather等副詞修飾。Thebookiswellwritten.現(xiàn)在分詞多含有“令人…”之意，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特征，多表示主動(dòng)，(常見(jiàn)分詞有astonishing,moving,tiring,2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞承諾中考115分、高考120分

與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念例句主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes.完成主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，尚Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.未完成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，多強(qiáng)調(diào)Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.狀態(tài)區(qū)別與被修飾詞往往有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，一般式表示將來(lái)，進(jìn)行式表示不定式與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，完成式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生動(dòng)名詞通常指被修飾詞的用途，無(wú)邏輯上的任何關(guān)系表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)多為物。過(guò)去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)或主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，含有“感disappointing,puzzling,shocking,到…”之意，主語(yǔ)多是人。boring,amusing及其-ed形式)

九．定語(yǔ)從句

I.定語(yǔ)從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注whoDoyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?人主語(yǔ)Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingwhom,which和whom人賓語(yǔ)Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..that在從句中做Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，�？梢詗hose人，物定語(yǔ)Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.省略，但介詞提關(guān)系前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.代詞that人，物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)詞不能省略，也Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.不可以用thatThebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.which物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.as做賓語(yǔ)一般不as人，物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.省略whenIwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可用onwhich關(guān)系whereThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)可用inwhich副詞whyIcan’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich原因原因狀語(yǔ)II.that與which,who,whom的用法區(qū)別：情況用法說(shuō)明例句1．先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeenmuch,等不定代詞時(shí)。givenout.2．先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.few等修飾時(shí)只用that的情況4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthings3．先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)thatweremembered.4．先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.5．先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?6．句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)1．在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指代物，用Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.who/whom指人只用which,who,2．在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.whom的情況用which指物，whom指人。3．先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which,先行詞為T(mén)hosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.those,one,he時(shí)多用who。III.as與which的區(qū)別：定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別例句限制性定名詞前有such和thesame修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as,不Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.語(yǔ)從句中能用whichas和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如，Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.非限制性象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.定語(yǔ)從句那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無(wú)Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe中1980s.“正如”的意思。IV.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：類(lèi)別語(yǔ)法意義及特征例句限制性定語(yǔ)從對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明Theaccidenthappenedatthetimewhen句確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。Ileft.2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

非限制性定語(yǔ)對(duì)先行詞作附加的說(shuō)明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散。Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,died從句從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，不能用thattenyearsago.引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也不能省略。十．名詞性從句種類(lèi)作用常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞例句Whetherhewillcomeornotdoesn’tmatter在復(fù)合句中做主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名詞，一般much.主語(yǔ)從句置謂語(yǔ)之前，也可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主that,whether,if,asWhoevercomesherewillbewelcome.語(yǔ)從句放主句之后if,asthough,who,在復(fù)合句中做表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名詞，位于表語(yǔ)從句whose,which,how,Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.系動(dòng)詞之后when,where,why,Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwinthegame.賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中做賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名詞what,whatever,放在名詞之后(news,problem,idea,whoever,whereverYouhavenoideahowworriedweare.同位語(yǔ)從suggestion,advice,thought,hope,fact等)Thefactthatheliedagaingreatlysurprisedus.句表明其具體內(nèi)容十一。狀語(yǔ)從句種類(lèi)連接詞注意點(diǎn)主句表示將來(lái)意義時(shí)，從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；whilewhen,whenever,while,as,before,after,until,till,bythe引導(dǎo)的從句中動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的；until用在肯時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)time,assoonas,hardly…when,nosooner…than,the定句中主句動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的，而否定句中主句動(dòng)moment,theminute,immediately,directly,instantly詞為短暫性的。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)where,whereverbecause語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，since較弱，表示大家都明了的原因狀語(yǔ)because,as,since,nowthat原因，as又次之。條件狀語(yǔ)if,unless,once,incase,aslongas,onconditionthat從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來(lái)時(shí)，常用一般時(shí)代替sothat和inorderthat后常接may,should,could,目的狀語(yǔ)sothat,inorderthat,forfearthatwould等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)so…that,such…that比較狀語(yǔ)than,as…as,notso/as…as,themore…themore方式狀語(yǔ)asif,asthough,asasif和asthough引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,nomatteras在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中常用倒裝形式；although和what,whatever,nomatterwho,whoever,nomatter讓步狀語(yǔ)though用正常語(yǔ)序，可和yet連用，但不可和butwhich,whichever,nomatterhow,however,nomatter連用when,whenever十二。倒裝句種類(lèi)倒裝條件例句here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子Outrushedthechildren.完全表示強(qiáng)調(diào)Underthetreestoodtwotablesandfourchairs.倒裝表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)位于句首Presentatthemeetingwere1,000students.強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)，置于句首，或?yàn)楸３志渥悠胶鈔ever,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,notuntil,not等表示否HardlydidIknowwhathadhappened.定意義的副詞放于句首OnlythendidherealizedtheimportanceofEnglish.only和修飾的狀語(yǔ)放于句首部分NotonlydoesheknowFrench,butalsoheisexpertatit.notonly…butalso連接并列的句子，前倒后不倒倒裝NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.neither…nor…連接并列的句子，前后都倒裝so…that,such…that中的so或such及修飾的成分放于句Sobusyishethathecannotgoonaholiday.首時(shí)前倒后不倒2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

Childasheis,hehaslearnedalot.as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)so,neither或nor表示前句內(nèi)容也適用于另外的人或事。Hecanplaythepiano.Socani.Mayyoubeingoodhealth!用于表示祝愿的祈使句中WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoitinthisway.省略if的虛擬條件十三。虛擬語(yǔ)氣類(lèi)別用法例句Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelp從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式（be用were）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反us.主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形IfIhadbeenfree,IwouldIf引導(dǎo)的條從句動(dòng)詞：had+過(guò)去分詞與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反件從句主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞havevisitedyou.從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/were+不定式Ifitshouldraintomorrow,we與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反wouldnotgocamping.主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadasif引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成式beenfriendsforyears.其它狀語(yǔ)從句inorderthat/sothat引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用can/could/may/might/Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.would等+動(dòng)詞原形Hesuggestedthatwenotdemand,suggest,order,insist后接的從句中動(dòng)詞為should+動(dòng)詞原形changeourmind.賓語(yǔ)從句wish后的從句中分別用過(guò)去式，過(guò)去完成式和should/would+動(dòng)詞原形表IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.示與現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去和將來(lái)情況相反在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…,Itissuggested/demanded/Itisstrangethatsuchaperson主語(yǔ)從句shouldbeourfriends.ordered/requestedthat…等從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形It’shightimethatweleft.Itistimethat…句型中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形Iwouldratheryoustayedatwouldrather所接的從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去完成式其它句型中homenow.IfonlyourdreamhadcomeIfonly句型中動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去完成式，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望true!十四。重要句型1.Itwasnotuntilmidnightthathefinishedhistask.

2.NotuntilhecamebackfromabroadwasIabletoseehimagain.3.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.4.Hewalkedaroundthehouse,guninhand.5.Mayyoubeingoodhealth!

6.Wishyouapleasantjourneybackhome!

7.Theprofessorwasahumorousmanwithbignoseanddeep-seteyes.8.Whatsurprisedmemostwashisimaginationandpatience.

9.Helayonthegrass,withhiseyeslookingattheskyandhishandsunderhishead.

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

10.SittingunderthetreeareMr.Greenandhisfirstteacher.11.Onthewallhangtwopicturesoffamousscientists.

12.Lookingbackuponthosepastyears,hecouldn’thelpfeelingveryproud.13.Nosooner(Hardly)hadhearrivedatthetheatrethan(when)theplaystarted.14.Youngasheis,hehaslearnedadvancedmathematics.15.HowIregretthehourswastedinthewoodsandfields!16.Therestandsabeautifulvaseinthecorneroftheroom.17.Tenmilesnorthofthetownliesapaperfactory.18.Theregoesthebell.

19.Nowherehastheworldeverseensuchabirdashere.20.Itisnousecryingforhelp.

21.IfonlyIhadbeenyourstudentinthemiddleschool!22.Itisbelievedthatsuchathingwillnothappenagain.23.OnlywhenheexplaineddidIrealizethereasonforthis.24.“Heworksparticularlyhard.”“Sohedoes,andsodoyou.”

25.NotonlyAlicebutalsoJaneandMaryaretiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.

26.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplepersonofgreatachievements.

十五。動(dòng)詞搭配1.addto增加，增進(jìn)add…to把…加進(jìn)…addup相加

addupto總計(jì)，所有這一切說(shuō)明1)Idon"tthinkthesefactswill________

anything.

2)Fiftynewbookshavebeen________thelibrary.

3)Themusic_________ourenjoymentofthefilm.

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

4)Youmusthavemadeamistakewhenyou_______thebill________.

(addupto,addedto,addto,added…up)2.breakawayfrom打破，脫離，掙脫，改掉

breakdown出毛病，身體(精神)衰弱，分解，拆開(kāi)

breakoff暫停，中斷breakin強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入，插話breakinto闖入

breakintopieces成為碎片breakout爆發(fā)

breakup搗碎，驅(qū)散，瓦解，學(xué)期結(jié)束，拆散

breakthrough突破

1)Thecriminalmanagedtobreak_____________thepoliceandranintothewoods.

2)Whenheheardthenews,hebroke_______andcried.

3)Don"tbreak________whileothersarespeaking.

4)Whydon"tyoubreak________forafewminutesandhavesomecoffee?5)Whendoesschoolbreak________?

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞6)Afterharvestwebreak_________thesoilwithatoolpulledbytwooxen.(awayfrom,down,in,off,up,up)3.bringup撫養(yǎng)，嘔吐，提出bringabout造成bringout拿出，出版bringin引入，引進(jìn)，掙錢(qián)bringback使回想起bringdown使下降，使倒下

1)Theshopkeeperbroughthisprice_________toonlyfivedollars.

2)Theschoolhasbrought_________newforeignteacherstoteachoralEnglish.3)Thesongbrought___________happymemoriesofourschooldays.

4)Doyouknowwhatbrought___________thismisunderstanding?5)Thekindoldmanagreedtobring__________theyoungorphan.

6)Wedecidedtobringthematter___atthenextmeeting.

7)Thewindbrought_______alotoftreeslastnight.

8)Nextmonththeywillbring________aneweditionofthebook.

承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

(down,in,back,about,up,up,down,out)

4.callon號(hào)召，拜訪（某人）callat拜訪、參觀（某地）callfor去叫某人,要求,需要callup使回憶起,征召入伍callin召集，請(qǐng)某人來(lái)callout大喊，高叫calloff取消，不舉行

1)Doctorsareoftencalled_____inthemiddleofthewar.

2)Pleasewaitformeathome.I"llcall_______youatyourhouseatseventonight.3)Thetrainscalls_______severalbigcitiesbetweenBeijingandGuangzhou.4)Hecalledhername__________,butshedidn"tanswer.

5)Thesportsmeetwascalled____onaccountoftherain.(in,for,at,out,off)5.comeabout發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)

comedown下跌，落，降，傳下來(lái)comein進(jìn)來(lái)come

into

(sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞comeon來(lái)臨/快點(diǎn)comeout出版，結(jié)果是comealong一道來(lái)，趕快

cometo達(dá)到(anend/anagreement/astop)蘇醒，合計(jì)，總共是comeover走過(guò)來(lái)comeup發(fā)芽，走近c(diǎn)omeacross偶然碰到comeback回想起comefrom來(lái)自，源自

1)Icome_________thebookIlentyoulastmonth.

2)Howdiditcome_________thatyoubothgotlost?Ithoughtyouhadamap.3)Itsuddenlycame_________tomewhereIhadseentheboybefore.

4)Come__________now,orelseweshallbelate.

5)Hecame__________melikeatiger.6)Thepriceofpetrolhascome_________sincethebeginningofthisyear.7)Thewordcame__________usemanyyearsago.

8)Whentheexaminationresultcame_________,hehadalreadygotajob.

承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

9)Thebillcame__________overathousanddollars.

10)Isowedtheseedsoveramonthago,buttheyhaven"tcome__________yet.(for,about,back,on,at,down,into,out,to,up)

6.cutacross抄近路cutdown砍倒，削減cutoff切斷，割掉，斷絕關(guān)系cutup連根拔除，切碎through剪斷，鑿穿cutout刪（�。┑�，戒掉cutin插嘴

1)Don"tcut___thistree.Itwillbeveryshadyinsummer.

2)Youmustcut________thenumberofcigarettesyousmoke,oritwillcauseillness.3)Wedecidedtocut_________themoor（曠野）tothevillage.

4)Cuttingthetree____meanscuttingthetreeintopieces.

5)Theelectricitywascut___________whentheladyrefusedtopaythebill.6)WewerehavingapleasantconversationwhenTomcut__________.

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞（down,down,across,up,off,in）7.dieof(disease/hunger/grief/oldage)死于（疾病，饑餓，寒冷，情感原因）diefrom死于（意外事故、情形）dieaway漸漸消逝dieout絕種diedown(爐火)漸熄dieoff逐一死去8.fallbehind落后falloverone"sfeet跌跤falldown掉下，跌倒fallback撤退，后退

1)Babiesoftenfall_____whentheyarelearningtowalk.

2)Ourteamseemstohavefallen__________theothers.

3)Assoonastheenemiesfell__________,thepeoplereturnedtotheirvillage.

4)Shefell__________thebenchandhadherlegbroken.

（down,behind,back,over）9.goinfor從事，喜愛(ài)，參加gothrough通過(guò)，經(jīng)受goover復(fù)習(xí)，檢查

承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

goup（價(jià)格）上漲，建造起來(lái)goafter追捕，追趕goagainst違反

goahead先行，開(kāi)始吧，問(wèn)吧，說(shuō)吧goaway離開(kāi)goby時(shí)間過(guò)去

godown下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉goon(with)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行g(shù)owith相配，陪同gowithout沒(méi)有，缺少goout外出，熄滅goallout全力以赴

gooff爆炸，進(jìn)行，變壞，斷電，停止供應(yīng)

gobackon背約，食言gobeyond超出

1)Manynewfactorieshavegone__inthepastfewyears.

2)Rentshavegone__________greatlyrecently.

3)Manyyearshavegone___________sincewefirstmet.

4)Let"scontinueourjourneyuntilthesungoes_______.

5)Hisactionswent___________the

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞willofthepeople,

6)Ican"tdoit,foritgoes___________myduty.7)

Over

100

students

went

____________thisentranceexamination.8)Thebombwent____________andkilledtenpeople.

9)Thebuyerwent___________thecarcarefullybeforereachingadecision.10)Thistiedoesn"tgo___________myblueshirt.

11)Ifyouthinkyoucansolvetheproblem,go______.

12)Manystudentswent__________playingbasketball.

(up,up,by,down,against,beyond,through,off,over,with,ahead,infor)10.getdown下來(lái)，記下，使沮喪getdownto致力于，專(zhuān)心于geton進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步，穿上，上車(chē)getoff脫下,下車(chē)getin收集，插（話）getaway逃跑，逃脫，去休假getover忘記，越過(guò)，克服，從疾病中恢復(fù)

承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

getalongwith進(jìn)展，相處getup起床

getthrough打通電話，完成，通過(guò)getround消息傳開(kāi)getclosetosth.接近，幾乎getinto(trouble)getto(know)getback取回，收回getout

1)ShespokesofastthatIcouldn"tget____whathesaid.

2)Wewillfindwaystoget_________difficulties.

3)Thestoryhasgot__________,andeveryoneknowsaboutit.

4)WhenIget_________withthereport,I"llgotothecinema.

5)Afteradeliciousmealthetwomengot__________tobusiness.

6)Don"talwaysget__________awordwhenothersarespeaking.

7)Ittookmealongtimetoget___________such

an

unpleasant

experience.

(down,over,round,through,down,in,

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞over)

11.giveaway贈(zèng)送，泄露，出賣(mài)giveout發(fā)出，疲勞，分發(fā)，公布giveoff發(fā)出（光、熱、氣體）givein(tosb.)屈服giveup放棄，讓?zhuān)ㄗ�位�?/p>

1)Hisaccentatlastgavehim__________.

2)Theliquidgave________astrongsmell.

3)Theheadmastergave___________thenamesoftheprize-winners.

4)Thesoldiersgave_________thetowntotheenemies.

5)Whowillhelpmetogivethebooks___________?

6)Don"tbelieveinthosewhogivehisfriends________.

7)Afteralongwalk,mystrengthgave____________.

(away,off,out,up,out,away,out)12.handin交上，提交handout分發(fā)handdown流傳，遺傳13.hangabout閑逛

承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

hangup掛電話14.holdback阻止，隱瞞holdup舉起，使停頓holdon別掛電話，等，堅(jiān)持holdout持續(xù)，堅(jiān)持，伸出holddown控制，鎮(zhèn)壓

1)I"msureheisholdingsomething_________.

2)Shemanagedtohold______heremotionuntilherguestshadleft.Thenshecried.

3)Tellhimtohold________amoment.I"llcomesoon.

4)Ourfoodsupplywon"thold_________formorethanafewdays.5)Thetrainwasheld________asaresultofthefloods.

6)Thesemeasureshelpedtohold___________thecity"spopulation.7)Hold___________yourleftarm,please.

(back,back,on,out,up,down,up)15.keepup(courage,English,spirits)保持，keepupwith跟上

keepoff(grass)不接近，離開(kāi)

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞keepawayfrom避開(kāi)，不接近，離…遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的keepoutof

keepto(rules,promise)堅(jiān)持，遵守keepon繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持下來(lái)

keepback阻止，留下，隱瞞，扣下keepfrom克制，阻止

1)Theangryladytoldthestrangerstokeep________fromher.

2)Icanhardlykeep________mytearsafterhearinghiswords.

3)Onlypridekepther__________burstingintotears.

4)Icanscarcelykeep__________askinghimwhathehasdone.

5)"Don"ttouchme,"screamedthewoman,"Keep__________!"

6)Keep_________untilyousucceed.7)Keep_________yourcourage,andyou"llsucceedintheend.

8)Thethickcoatcankeepthecold___________.

9)Alwaystrytokeep___________theruleswhenyouplayagame.

10)Ican"tkeep________with

承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

everythingyou"redoing.

(away,back,from,from,off,on,up,out,to,up)16.knockat/on敲

knockinto撞到某人身上knockdown撞倒knockoutof把…敲出knockover撞倒knockoff停止工作，休息

1)Theboxersoonknockedhisopponent_________.

2)Theofficestuffknocks_________atsixeveryday.

3)Tryknocking__________thewindowandseeifthereisanyoneindoors.4)Hewassoabsorbedinhisbookthatheknocked__________thecarparkedthere.

(down,off,on,into)17.leavefor離開(kāi)前往leaveout刪去，遺漏leavebehind遺留,忘記拿走leaveto留給，遺囑贈(zèng)于leaveover遺留，剩下，延期1)"Whosenamehasbeenleft

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞__________?"demandedtheteacher.2)Whenhedied,heleftallhisproperty_____hisniece.

3)Hesuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthisumbrella___________.

4)Don"tleavethismatter_________untiltomorrow.

5)Leavesomemeat___________fortomorrow.

6)Thosearequestionsleft_________byhistory.

(out,to,behind,over,over,over)18.lookup查找，向上看lookthrough翻閱，瀏覽lookon旁觀lookon…as看作lookinto調(diào)查

lookafter/at/for照顧/看/尋找lookout(for)當(dāng)心

lookabout/around/round四下查看lookdownupon瞧不起lookbackupon回憶，回顧lookab.upanddown仔細(xì)打量某人lookabintheface/eyes直視某人1)Ispenttwohourslooking______the

承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

students"papers.

2)Look_______!Thereisabigholeinfront.

3)Hetookpartinthegame,andtherestofusjustlooked______andcheeredforhim.

4)Theoldmanlooked_____uponthedaysofhisyouth.

5)Shewassosnobbish（勢(shì)利）thatshelooked

__________

upon

all

his

neighbours.

6)Thepolicepromisedtolook__________thecaseassoonaspossible.7)Helooked__________butsawnobody,andhelistenedbuthearnothing.(through,out,on,back,down,into,about/around/round)

19.makeup編造，配制，打扮，組成makeupfor彌補(bǔ)makeinto/of/from制成

makeout弄懂，發(fā)現(xiàn)，看出,填寫(xiě)，開(kāi)列（清單）

makefor走向，駛往，促使1)Canyoumakethislengthofcloth__________asuit?

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞2)Iaskedthedriverifhewasmaking___________London?

3)Myfathermade__________acheckformetobuythecamera.

4)Wemustmaketheloss_________nextweek./Hetriedhardtomake________for

thedamagehehaddone.

5)Hemade__________astory,whichIfoundhardtobelieve.

6)Someoneiscoming,butIcan"tmake___________whoitis.(into,for,out,up/up,up,out)20.passaway去世passby經(jīng)過(guò)

passdown(on)…to傳給passthrough經(jīng)歷passover漠視，忽視

1)Theoldclockhasbeenpassed________tomefrommygrandfather"sgrandfather.

2)Themanpassed___________lastweekinpeace.

3)Wearepassing____________difficulttimes.

承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

4)Thesecretarypassed___________thedetailsinthefirstpartofhisreport.(down,away,through,over)21.payback還錢(qián)，報(bào)復(fù)

payfor付錢(qián)，為…受到懲罰，因…得到報(bào)應(yīng)payoff還清

1)Howmuchdidyoupay__________thedictionary?

2)Youshouldpay_________themoneyyouborrowedfromme.

3)I"llpayhim____________forallhiscrimes(罪行)againstme.

4)Someday,you"llpay__________whatyouhavedonetoday.

5)Hasshepay____________thedebtyet?

（for,back,back,for,off）

22.pickup拾起，獲得(information)，接人，站起，收聽(tīng)，自然習(xí)得(language/knowledge)，恢復(fù)重獲(pickuphealth)

pickout挑選，辨認(rèn)，看出

1)Ipickedtheinformation__________whilewaitinginthequeue.

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞2)Myfriendhasarrangedtopickme_________at6:00.

3)Thepatienthaspicked_________healthduringthelasttwoweeks.

4)Shepicked_______themostexpensivepairofshoes.

5)Ican"tpickJohn___________inthecrowd.

6)CanIpick__________VOAwiththisshort-waveradio?

7)Hefelldownsuddenly,butpickedhimself___________quickly.(up,up,up,out,out,up,up)pickcotton/flower/leaves/words選詞23.putup搭起，張貼，舉起，安裝，投宿，安排住下putupwith忍受putout伸出，撲滅putoff推遲putinto放進(jìn)，翻譯putaway放好，存錢(qián)putdown記下，平息

puton穿戴，上映，增加(putonweight/speed)

putforward提出，提前

承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

putthrough接通電話putaside放到一邊putback放回

1)Heput_________halfhiswageeveryweek.2)

The

government

soon

put

__________therevolt（暴亂）.

3)Putyourwatch__________.It"sslow.

4)Heput__________hishandformetoshake.

5).Pleaseputme__________toExtension（分機(jī)）2.

6)Weput___________fornightatthevillageinn.

7)Heisveryproud,andheoftenput_________airs.（擺架子）8)

We

had

a

telephone

put

_____________inouroffice.

9)Ican"tput__________withyourlaziness.

(away,down,forward,out,through,up,on,up,up)

24.pulldown拆掉，推翻pullon匆匆穿上/off脫

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞pullin進(jìn)站pullout取出,(火車(chē))離站

pulldown往下拉,拆毀pullover駛到一邊

pullthrough恢復(fù)健康,渡過(guò)難關(guān),脫離險(xiǎn)境pullup（使）停住

1)Thetrainslowlypulled__________anddisappearedinthedistance.

2)Alltheoldhousesherehavenowbeenpulled______,andnewonesaretobebuilt.

3)Thecarpulled_________whenIblewthehorn.

4)Thedoctorthinksthemanwillpull__________.

5)Thedriverpulled________atthetrafficlights.(out,down,over,through,up)25.pushover推倒，刮倒

pushahead(on,forward)繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，堅(jiān)持下去

pushthrough排除困難辦好謀事，努力設(shè)法通過(guò)，擠過(guò)

1)We"vedecidedtopush__________withourplantobuildanewroad

承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

2)Manytreeswerepushed__________inthehurricane.

3)Theyweredeterminedtopushthenewrules________atanycost..

4)Takecarenottopushthebaby_________.

5)Theypushed___________thecrowdandatlastreachedus.

(on,over,through,over,through)26.runacross偶然碰到runafter追逐，追捕

runaway逃跑runfor競(jìng)選

runinto偶然碰到（困難）遇見(jiàn)（人），相撞

runoutof用完

1)Ifyoudrivesofast,you"llrun_________someonesomeday.

2)Iran__________afriendofmineintheexhibition.

3)Ourwaterhasrun__________.Canyoufillupsomemorebottles?

4)Whydoyoualwaysrun__________adventure?

5)Hedidn"twanttorun___________

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞presidentthatyear.

6)Inthatwayyouwillonlyrun__________difficulties.

(into,across/into,out,after,for,into)27.seeoff送行

seethrough看透，識(shí)破seeto照料，照管28.sendfor派人去請(qǐng)sendoff送行

sendout發(fā)出（光亮）等sendup發(fā)射29.setup建立

setoff出發(fā)，觸發(fā)，引起setout動(dòng)身，著手(todo)，陳述setabout開(kāi)始著手(doing)settowork(n.)開(kāi)始做setback撥回，使推遲

1)Ishallsetmywatch___________byfiveminutes.

2)Weset__________readingthetextaloudimmediatelythebellrang.

3)Weset_________atdaybreakyesterdayandwe"vebeentravellingeversincethen.

4)Iset__________toadvisehimnotto

承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

drink.

5)Whatwerethereasonsheset___________inhisreport?

6)Thepresidentset__________aspecialgroupofsoldierstoguardhim.7)Theunpopularlawset_________aseriesofprotests.（抗議）

(back,about,off/out,out,out,up,off)30.takeoff脫掉，起飛takeon呈現(xiàn)雇傭

takeaway拿走takein吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)

takeup從事，占用（時(shí)間空間）takedown記錄，取下takeback收回

takefor誤認(rèn)為takealong隨身帶

takeover接管takeout1)Itake_________allIsaidabouthisdishonesty.

2)Hewenttotheshelfandtook__________abookofpoems.

3)AtfirstItookhim_________adoctor.

4)Icanseethatmostofyouhavetaken

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞________everythingthattheteachertaught.

5)Billhasnowtaken__________hisfather"sbusiness.

6)Myjobtakes__________mostofmytime.

7)Thebosstook____________twentypeopleforhisnewcompany.(back,down,for,in,over,up,on)takechargeof負(fù)責(zé),takesth.forgranted想當(dāng)然,takeholdof抓住,takepridein以………為自豪,taketheplaceof,代替taketurnstodo輪流做,takeoffice就職31.thinkof想起thinkof…as把…看作

thinkout想出thinkup想出

thinkabout考慮thinkover仔細(xì)考慮

thinkwellofsb.對(duì)某人看法好32.turnoff/on打開(kāi)

turnover翻身，反復(fù)考慮，翻（書(shū)頁(yè)），翻轉(zhuǎn)

turnout證明為，結(jié)果，制造成品turnto轉(zhuǎn)向，求助

承諾中考115分、高考120分登陸下載更多資料量子場(chǎng)女生英語(yǔ)

turndown調(diào)低，拒絕turnagainst變得敵視，反對(duì)turnaway打發(fā)走，驅(qū)逐，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)臉去turnback返回，轉(zhuǎn)回去turnround轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)

turnup向上翻，露面，出現(xiàn)，音量調(diào)大

turnin上繳

turnupsidedown把倒置，弄得亂七八糟

1)Thechildturned__________itsmotherforcomfort.

2)Turn___________andletmeseeyourface.

3)Howevermuchheturnedtheproblem________inmind,hecouldfindnosatisfactorysolution.

4)TheEnglisheveningpartyturned_________agreatsuccess.

5)Thesightoftheaccidentwastoomuchforhertobear,andsheturned_______.

6)Thefootballstadiumwasfull,andmanypeoplehadtobeturned__________.7)Thearmyturnedhim___________

2天背完初中單詞4天背完高中單詞onaccountof(因?yàn)?hispoorhealth.8)Sheturnedthewholehouse___________inhersearchforhermissingpurse.

9)Wheredidyourpurseturn____________?Ifounditinthesnow.10)Thevillagerssuddenlyturned__________theforeignerswholivednearby.

11)Thefactoryturns____________201*newcarslastyear.

(to,round,over,out,away,away,down,upsidedown,up,against,out)

承諾中考115分、高考120分

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