高中英語語法知識之It的用法總結(jié)
高考英語語法知識之It的用法總結(jié)
1.Itis+被強調(diào)部分+that...該句型是強調(diào)句型。將被強調(diào)的部分放在前面,其它部分置于that之后。被強調(diào)部分可以是主語,賓語,狀語。強調(diào)的主語如果是人,that可以由who換用。
如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后,應(yīng)該是一個完整無缺的句子。這也是判斷強調(diào)句型與其它從句的方法。Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.
2.Itwasnotuntil+被強調(diào)部分+that...
該句型也是強調(diào)句型。主要用于強凋時間狀語,譯成漢語"直到...才...",可以說是not...until...的強調(diào)形式。
ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.
3.Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain....)that.....
該句型中it是形式主語,真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句,常譯為"清楚(顯然,真的,肯定...)"是主語從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。
Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.=Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.
4.Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural...)that...
由于主句中的形容詞不同,that后的從句中要用虛擬語氣(should+動詞原形),should可以省去。Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.
5.Itissaid(reported,learned....)that...
該句型中的it仍是形式主語,真正主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為"據(jù)說(據(jù)報道,據(jù)悉...)"。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.6.Itissuggested(ordered...)that...
主句中的過去分詞是表示請求,建議,命令等詞時,that后的從句要用虛擬語氣(should+動詞原形),should可以省。常譯為"據(jù)建議;有命令..Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.
Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.7.Itisapity(ashame...)that...該句型中,that后的從句一般用虛擬語氣(should+動詞原形),should可省去.表示出乎意料,常譯為"竟然"。沒有這種意義時,則不用虛擬語氣。
Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.Itisapitythatheisill.8.Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that...
該句型中that后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣,值得注意的是①常用過去時態(tài)表示虛擬.②有時也用should+動詞原形,should不能省。常譯為"是(正是)...的時侯..."。Itistimethatchildrenshouldgotobed.=Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.9.Itisthefirst(second...)timethat...
該句型中的that從句不用虛擬語氣,而用完成時態(tài)。至于用什么完成時態(tài),由主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時,后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài);如果是一般過去時,后面從句則用過去完成時態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中that可以省去;it有時用this/that替換.常譯為"這是某人第幾次做某事了"。ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.10Itisthe+形容詞最高級+名詞+that+…..
該句型中的that從句不用虛擬語氣,而用完成時態(tài)。至于用什么完成時態(tài),由主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時,后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài);如果是一般過去時,后面從句則用過去完成時態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中that可以省去;it有時用this/that替換.常譯為"這是某人做過的最…的事情"。
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Thatwastheworstsongthathehadheard.11.Itis....since...該句型主要用作處理瞬間動詞的完成時,又要和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用的問題。主句中是時間作表語,其時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或完成時,since引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過去時態(tài),而且是瞬間動詞。如果主句是一般過去時,從句則用過去完成時。
Itis(hasbeen)5yearssincehisfatherdied.12.Itis...when...
該句型中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句,主句中的it指時間,表語由具體的時間充當。常譯為"當...的時候,是..."。Itwas5o’clockwhenhecamehere.
比較:Therewasatimewhen+定語從句(曾經(jīng)一度….;有一個時期…)TherewasatimewhenIraqwasoneofthestrongestcountriesintheworld.
TherewasatimewhenIwasdisappointedandwantedtoleavehere.13.Itbe...before...
該句型主句中的it指時間,主句中的時態(tài)常是將來一般時或過去時兩種時態(tài).主句中的表語多是long,notlong,3days,2weeks等表示時間段的詞或短語。常譯為"...之后..."。
Itwas3daysbeforehewenttoBeijing.Itwillbenotlongbeforehefinisheshisjob.14.Ithappens(seems,looks,appears)that...
該句型中it是形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句,主句中的happen,seem等詞是不及物動詞.Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧..Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看來...
15.Itlooks(seems)asif...
該句型中it無意義。asif引導(dǎo)一個狀語從句。常譯為,"看起來好象..."如果與事實不相符合,則用虛擬語氣.
Itlooksasifheisill.Itlooksasifhewereill.Itseemedasifheweredying.
16.Ittakes/costssb....todosth.
該句型中的不定式是真正的主語,it是形式主語,句型中的直接賓語是時間。常譯為"做...要花費某人..."。IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.
注意:當主語和表語都是不定式時,不能用it作形式主語代替動詞不定式。Toseeistobelieve.Torespectothersistoberespected.
17.Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.
該句型中的不定式短語是真正主語,如果不定式的邏輯主語是由of引起,主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語特征的形容詞。常見的有:bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good(好心的),honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice(有教養(yǎng)的),polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong(錯誤的)等。這個句型可以改寫為:sb.iskindtodosth.
Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.
18.Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.
如果不定式的邏輯主語是由for引起,主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性,緊迫性,頻繁程度,難易,安全等情況的形容詞。常見的形容詞有:①important,necessary,natural②easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant等。在①中的形容詞作表語可以用從句改寫,
Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty19.Itisnogood/use/fundoingsth.
Itisagreatpleasure/awasteoftime/aboredoingsth.Itisuseless/nice/gooddoingsth.
該句型中的真正主語是動名詞或動名詞短語,主句中的表語可以是名詞或形容詞。ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.Itisuselesscryingoverspiltmilk.
20.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether(if)...
該句型中whether(if)引導(dǎo)的從句是真正主語,該句型常譯為"不論(是否)...沒關(guān)系...。Itdoesn’tmatteriftheyareold.21.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.
該句型中的it作形式賓語。為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為"6123結(jié)構(gòu)"。
6:指主句中常用的動詞:think,believe,make,find,consider,feel(另外表示人的心理狀態(tài)的動詞還有:like,love,hate,appreciate,don’tmind,dependon等)1:指的是形式賓語it;
2:指的是賓補的兩種形式:形容詞或名詞;
3:指的是真正賓語的三種形式:不定式短語,動名詞短語或that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.
Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.I’dappreciateitifyouwouldhelpme.Ilikeitwhenitrainsinspring.
擴展閱讀:高中英語語法知識復(fù)習-It的用法講解及練習60多題
It的用法
It的用法在高考中也是重現(xiàn)率較高的語言點,尤其是it用于強調(diào)句。其考查方式多通過“單項填空”進行,偶爾也出現(xiàn)在“短文改錯”和“完形填空”中。
1.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently___Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so
正確答案:B此題考查強調(diào)句,所以用that。2.Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
正確答案:A此題考查it作形式賓語的用法,所以選A。
3.(短文改錯)DavidandIdidnotagreeandDavidpointedtoapathwhichhethoughtitwouldprobablyleadtoavillage.
正確答案:去掉it,因為定語從句中已有賓語which。
一、要點點拔
1.代替上文中提到過的人或事物。指代人時,一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。1)-Whoisthebaby?-Itsmyteachersson.2)-Whoisthatgentleman?
-It"smyfriendTom.He(不可用It)wantstoseeyou.2.用于表達天氣、環(huán)境、時間、距離、季節(jié)等。例如:
1)Itshalfanhourswalkfromheretoourschool.2)Itsniceandwarmhere.
3)Butit"stwoo"clocknow,andit"stimeforustogotoschool.
3.用作形式主語.it沒有具體意義,而只是幫助把真正的主語移至句子后尾,使句子顯得平穩(wěn)一些,能借it給移至句子后尾的主語有三種:一種由不定式表示,一種由動名詞表示,一種由從句表示。
1).It替代真正的主語動詞不定式短語.Itiseasiertosaythantodo.Itisagoodacttohelptheothers.
2).it替代真正的主語動名詞短語,以動名詞短語做主語的句子,主要在以nogood,nouse,noharm,dangerous,foolish等詞作表語的句中.Itsnoharmdrinkingrunningwaterinthatarea。Itsfoolishtalkinglikethat.
3).it替代從句作主語,用從句做主語的帶it的句子很多,常見的有下面幾類:①Itisapity(ashame,afact,awonder,agoodthing,etc.)that…
Itisashamethathedidntpasstheexam.
②Itisstrange(surprising,obvious,true,good,possible,clear,etc.)that…。Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace.③Itseems(happened,turnedout,etc.)that…Itseemedthatthingswerenotastheyexpected.
④Itissaid(decided,expected,etc)that…Itissaidthattheticketshavebeensoldout.
4.用作形式賓語。
當復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式,-ing短語或從句往往用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語移至句末,句子重心后移。
1)WefinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwellinsuchashorttime.2)Wethinkitnousecryingoverspiltmilk.
3)Wemadeitclearwhenandwhereweweregoingtohavethemeeting.
5.用于強調(diào)句型,即“Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who/whom+其它”句型之中。使用該句型有以下幾點請注意:
①強調(diào)句的謂語is或was永遠用單數(shù).ItwasyesterdaythatImetyourfatherinthestreet.
②不管被強調(diào)部分是哪種狀語,只能用that連接,不得使用where、when等連詞.ItwasinthestreetthatImetyourfatheryesterday.
③被強調(diào)部分為人時,可用who(主格或賓格)和whom(賓格)代替that,用that也行。
1)Itwasyourfatherthat/whom/whoImetinthestreetyesterday.2)ItwasIthat/whometyourfatherinthestreetyesterday.④強調(diào)句中也要注意主謂一致、人稱一致和否定轉(zhuǎn)移的問題。
1)Itistheywhoareourfriends.
2)Itwasnotuntilteno"clockthatwegothomelastnight.
⑤注意不要混淆強調(diào)句和其他從句。Itiswas…that…為強調(diào)句標志,去掉后仍可組成一個完整的句子,只是沒被強調(diào),而其他從句一般不具備這一特征。比較:
1)Itwasteno"clockwhenwegothomelastnight.我們昨晚到家時已十點了。2)Itwasatteno"clockthatwegothomelastnight.我們昨晚是在十點到家的。
第一句不是強調(diào)句,when不可改為that,因為去掉itwas和that后,只能組成“Wegothometeno"clocklastnight.”這樣一個不完整的句子;第二句是強調(diào)句,that不可改為when.
二、常用句型及考點
I.形式主語型
1.Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain…)that…
2.Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural…)that…
掌握本句型,應(yīng)該記住所列舉的形容詞,并且記住that后的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣(should+動詞原形),should可以省去。3.Itisnogood(use)doingsth.
4.Itisapity(ashame…)that…
本句型中,that后的從句一般用虛擬語氣(should十動詞原形),should可以省去。表示出乎意料,常譯為“竟然”。沒有這種意義時,則不用虛擬語氣。5.Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that…本句型中that后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣。6.Itisthefirst(second…)timethat…
7.Itissaid(reported,learned….)that…8.Itissuggested(ordered…)that…
本句型中的過去分詞應(yīng)該是表示請求、建議、命令等的詞,that后的從句要用虛擬語氣(should十動詞原形),should可以省略。常譯為“據(jù)建議;有命令……”。9.Ithappens(seems,appears)that…10.Ittakessb…todosth.11.Itdoesntmatterwhether…12.Itiskind(ofsb)todosth.
本句型中的不定式如果需要邏輯主語,則須要前置介詞of,而句型中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語特征的形容詞,常見的有bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong等。13.Itisnecessary(forsb)todosth.14.Itis(just)likesbtodosth.
本句型為“某人(恰恰)是……樣子”。用來表示贊揚或不滿,若用否定式,則表示懷疑。例:It"slikehimtoleavetheworktoothers.他就是這樣的一個人,把工作推給別人。15.Itisuptosbtodosth.本句型表示“誼由某人做……”。II.強調(diào)句型
Itis+被強調(diào)部分+that/who…
本句型中被強調(diào)部分可以是主語、賓語或狀語。強調(diào)的主語如果是人,that可以由who換用。III.其他句型
1.Itis…since…
本句型主句中用時間作表語,一般用現(xiàn)在時或完成時,since引導(dǎo)的從句常用瞬間動詞的一般過去時態(tài)。主句如用一般過去時,則從句用過去完成時。
2.Itis…when…
本句型中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句,主句中的it指時間,表語由具體的時間充當。3.Itlooks(seems)asif...本句型中的asif引導(dǎo)一個狀語從句,常譯為“看起來好像……”。如果與事實不相符合,則用虛擬語氣.
例1Itlooksasifheisill(真的病了).
例2Itlooksasifhewereill(沒有生病).
Exercises:
一.單項選擇
1.Itwasatthegate____hetoldmethenews.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when2.Is____necessarytotellhisfathereverythingA.itB.thatC.whatD.he3.Wasitinthispalace____thelastemperordied?
A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which4.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.manC.thatD.it5.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then
6.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he
7.Idon"tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it
8.Does____matterifhecan"tfinishthejobontime?
A.thisB.thatC.heD.it
9.Itwasnot____shetookoffherdarkglasses____,Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then10.Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but____didnthelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it
11.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
12.Is________possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?
A.nowB.manC.thatD.it13.Ourfoodandservicearebetterthan________usedtobe.A.itB.weC.theyD.them14.________appearstome________thereportmustbetruth.A.That;itB.It;thatC.It;itD.That;that15.Hefeels________dutytohelpothers.
A.thatheB.thathisC.itheD.ithis
16.Take________easy.Theroadsareicy.
A.itB.themC.usD.you
17.TheTVsetsmadeinChinaaremuchbetterthan________inJapan.A.thatB.thoseC.themD.It18.Haveyoufoundthebikeyoulostyesterday?
Yes,I"vefound________already.
A.itB.thatC.theoneD.thatone19.I"mlookingforaflat.
Wouldyoulike____with____garden?
A.it;theB.it;aC.one;aD.one;the
20.________was________whoImetinthemuseumthismorning.A.It;himB.It;heC.That;heD.That;him
21.Itwasinthericefields________wehadourLeaguemeeting.A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.onwhich22.________youcometothepartysolate?A.WhyisitB.Whyitis
C.WhyitisthatD.Whyisitthat
23.WereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccidentNo,___onlythetwopassengers___gothurt.
A.theywere;thatB.therewas;that
C.itwas;whoD.thereare;who
24.Idon"tthink________possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it
25.Itwasnot________shetookoffherglasses________Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then26.Itwasnotuntil1920____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.
A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since
27.________isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
28.Itwasabout600yearsago________thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when
29.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.So30.Ihate______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
31.Whydon"twetakealittlebreak?Didn"twejusthave________?A.itB.thatC.oneD.this32.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar____hedied?
A.thatB.WhileC.inwhichD.Then33.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.thatC.itD.Man
34.Idon"tthink___possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.ThisB.thatC.itsD.It
35.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
36.Itwasabout600yearsago___thefirstclockwithfaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when
37.____computersplaysuchanimportantpartinourdailylife?A.WhyitisthatB.WhyisitthatC.WhywasitthatD.Whyisit
38.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then
39.Is____necessarytotakeoffourshoeswhenweenterthelab?A.everyoneB.thisC.herD.it40.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?
A.nowB.thatC.itD.man
41.Idontthink___possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.
A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it
42.Sheheardofaterriblenoise,___broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that
43.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he44.Does____matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it
45.Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but____didnthelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it
46.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it
47.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
48.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave_____.A.itB.thoseC.themD.one
49.Itwasabout600yearsago___thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when50.Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
51.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so
52.Itistheabilitytodothejob____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it53.It____youthat____toblame.
A.is;isB.is;areC.are;areD.are;is54.Was_____thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?
A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyou55.____electricityplayssuchanimportantpartinourlife?
A.WhyisitthatB.WhyisitC.WhyitisthatD.Whyisthat56.Itwas____hesaid_____disappointedme.
A.what;whatB.that;thatC.what;thatD.that;what
57.Itwasinthelab___wastakenchargeofbyProfessorHarris___theydidtheexperiment.A.which;thatB.that;whatC.whom;thatD.which;where
58.ManypeoplenowmakearuletobuycardsfortheirfriendsbeforeChristmas.A.themselvesB.itC.thatD.this59.Someoneisatthedoor,whois?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he60.Itisrainingcatsanddogs..
A.SoitisB.SoisitC.NeitheritisD.Neitherisit
二.分析it成分,辨清相似句型。
1.①_____iswellknowtousallthattheearthisround.②____iswellknowntousall,theearthisround.
A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.Which
2.①_____doesn’tmattermuchwhetherhe’llcometotheparty.②Ifeel____anhonourtobeinvitedtospeakhere.A.thisB.itC.thatD.what3.①___nowonderthathehaspassedtheexam.②___noneedforyoutowaithere.A.TherebeingB.Itwas
C.ItisD.Thereis
4.①Wasitthehouse____AbrahamLincolnwasborn?②Wasitinthehouse____AbrahamLincolnwasborn?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.bothAandB
5.①It’sverykind____youtohelpus.②It’sveryimportant_____youtokeepthebalanceofnature.
A.forB.ofC.toDwith.6.①Itisnogood____suchathing.②It’sofnoimportance_____suchathing.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done7.①It"stimethatwe____toschool.
②Itisthesecondtimethatwe_____toBeijing.A.goB.wentC.havebeenD.havegone8.①It"stomorrow____heisgoingtoBeijing.
②Itwas8o"clock_____hewenttoschool.
A.thatB.whenC.beforeD.since9.①Itis3years____hejoinedthearmy.
②Itwillbe3years____wemeetagain.
A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when
答案:
一.單項選擇
1-30ABADACDDBDDDCBDABACABDADBCDABA31-60CACDDABADCDBCDDBDDAABBBAACABCA二.分析it成分,辨清相似句型。
21.CB22.BB23.CD24.BA25.BA26.CB27.BC28.AB29.CA
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