人教版八年級上英語語法總結(jié)

人教版八年級上英語語法總結(jié)

八年級上冊學(xué)的都比較簡單，形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級，句子成分，類型，簡單句的五種基本句型，賓語從句，各種時(shí)態(tài)包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，情態(tài)動詞和動詞不定式等……具體內(nèi)容如下一、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級

1)單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在詞尾加-er和-est構(gòu)成。great(原級)greater(比較級)greatest(最高級)

2)以-e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加-r和-st構(gòu)成。wide(原級)wider(比較級)widest(最高級)

3)少數(shù)以-y,-er,-ow,-ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加-er和-est構(gòu)成。clever(原級)cleverer(比較級)cleverest(最高級)

4)以-y結(jié)尾,但-y前是輔音字母的形容詞的比較級和最高級是把-y去掉,加上-ier和-est構(gòu)成.happy(原形)happier(比較級)happiest(最高級)

5)以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾其前面的元音字母發(fā)短元音的形容詞的比較級和最高級是雙寫該輔音字母然后再加-er和-est。big(原級)bigger(比較級)biggest(最高級)

6)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級需用more和most加在形容詞前面來構(gòu)成。beautiful(原級)?difficult(原級)morebeautiful(比較級)moredifficult(比較級)mostbeautiful(最高級)mostdifficult(最高級)不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級goodbetterbestmanymoremostmuchmoremostbadworseworstlittlelessleastillworseworstfarfarther(further)farthest(furthest)deepdeeperdeepesttalltallertallest

形容詞比較級的用法:形容詞的比較級用于兩個人或事物的比較,其結(jié)構(gòu)形式如下:主語+謂語(系動詞)+形容詞比較級+than+對比成分。也就是,含有形容詞比較級的主句+than+從句。注意從句常常省去意義上和主句相同的部分,而只剩下對比的成分。形容詞最高級的用法:形容詞最高級用于兩個以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較,其結(jié)構(gòu)形式為:主語+謂語(系動詞)+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+表示范圍的短語或從句。

二、句子成分

1、主語主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物，一般由名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，不定式等充當(dāng)。

2、謂語謂語說明主語的動作，狀態(tài)或特征。一般可分為兩類：1)，簡單謂語由動詞(或短語動詞)構(gòu)成。可以有不同的時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)和語氣。2)，復(fù)合謂語：情態(tài)動詞＋不定式

3、表語

4、賓語賓語表示動作行為的對象，跟在及物動詞之后，能作賓語的有名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，動詞不定式等。有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語，往往一個指人，一個指物，指人的叫間接賓語，指物的叫直接賓語。有些及物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個補(bǔ)足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。

5、定語在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。用作定語的主要是形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，副詞，動詞不定式，介詞短語等。形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞等作定語時(shí)，通常放在被修飾的詞前面。但副詞，動詞不定式，介詞短語等作定語時(shí)，則放在被修飾的詞之后。

6、狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分，叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞，介詞短語，不定式和從句等。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之后或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時(shí)可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。

三、句子類型：

1、簡單句的基本形式是由一個主語加一個謂語構(gòu)成。

2、復(fù)合句（ComplexSentence）由一個主句（PrincipalClause)和一個或一個以上的從句(SubordinateClause)構(gòu)成。

3、兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。

四、簡單句的五種基本句型基本句型一：SV（主＋謂）基本句型二：SVP（主＋謂＋表）基本句型三：SVO（主＋謂＋賓）基本句型四：SVoO（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）基本句型五：SVOC（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）

五、賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.

1.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。

2.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。初二上冊學(xué)的賓從就是這些。

六、時(shí)態(tài)：一.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

(1)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),例如:He’stwelve.

(2)表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動作,例如:Igotoschooleveryday.

(3)表示主語具備的性格和能力,例如:Shelikesapple.常與often,usually,sometimes,always,everyday等表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的時(shí)間狀語連用.

1.肯定句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)行為動詞:a.第一、二人稱,復(fù)數(shù)人稱:They/We/You+動詞原形...例如:Theygotoschooleveryday.b.第三人稱單數(shù):He/She/It+動詞-s/es…例如:Lilyoftenlikessinging.(2)系動詞(be):Iam...They/We/Youare…He/She/Itis…

2.否定句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)行為動詞:a.第一、二人稱,復(fù)數(shù)人稱:They/We/You+don’t+動詞原形...例如:Theydon’tgotoschooleveryday.b.第三人稱單數(shù):He/She/It+doesn’t+動詞原形…例如:Lilydoesn’tlikesinging.(2)系動詞(be):在is/am/are后加not例如:Iamnotaworker.

3.一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):a.第一、二人稱,復(fù)數(shù)人稱:Do+they/we/you+動詞原形...例如:Dotheygotoschooleveryday?（Yes,theydo.No,theydon’t.）b.第三人稱單數(shù):Does+he/she/iIt+動詞原形…例如:DoesLilyoftenlikesinging?(Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn’t.)(2)系動詞(be):把is/am/are提在主語前.例如:Areyouaworker?(Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.)

二.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作或發(fā)生的事情.常與now,look…,listen…等表示現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語連用.

1.肯定句結(jié)構(gòu):主語+is/am/are+動詞-ing…例如:Theboysareplayingfootballnow.2.否定句結(jié)構(gòu):在is/am/are后加not例如:Theboysaren’tplayingfootballnow.

3.一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):把is/am/are提在主語前.例如:Aretheboysplayingfootballnow?(Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.)

三.一般過去時(shí):表示過去某個時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).常與yesterday…,last…,…ago,in1990等表示過去狀態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語連用.

1.肯定句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)行為動詞:主語+動詞的過去式…例如:Thetwinswenttoschooltwohoursago.(2)系動詞(be):I/He/She/It+was…They/We/You+were…例如:Iwasathomelastnight.

2.否定句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)行為動詞:主語+didn’t+動詞原形…例如:Thetwinsdidn’tgotoschooltwohoursago.(2)系動詞(be):在was/were后加not例如:Iwasn’tathomelastnight.

3.一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)行為動詞:Did+主語+動詞原形…?例如:Didthetwinsgotoschooltwohoursago?(Yes,theydid.No,theydidn’t.)(2)系動詞(be):把was/were提在主語前.例如:Wereyouathomelastnight?(Yes,Iwas.No,Iwas’t.)

四.一般將來時(shí):表示將來某時(shí)將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作.常與tomorrow…,next…等表示將來狀態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語連用.

1.肯定句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)用于書面語:主語+will+動詞…例如:Wewillcometoseeyoutomorrow(2)用于口語:主語+am/is/aregoingto+動詞…例如:TomisgoingtoseehisunclenextSunday.

2.否定句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)用于書面語:在will后加not例如:Wewon’tcometoseeyoutomorrow.(willnot=won’t)(2)用于口語:在is/am/are后加not.例如:Tomisn’goingtoseehisunclenextSunday.

3.一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):(1)用于書面語:把will提在主語前.例如:Willyoucometoseeyoutomorrow?(Yes,wewill.No,wewon’t.)(2)用于口語:把is/am/are提在主語前.例如:IsTomgoingtoseehisunclenextSunday?(Yes,heis.No,heisn’t.)

五.情態(tài)動詞:can(能，會)，may（可以，可能，也許），must(必須，一定，應(yīng)該）haveto（必須，不得不）

1.肯定句結(jié)構(gòu):主語+can/may/must+動詞…例如:Imustgonow.2.否定句結(jié)構(gòu):在can/may/must后加not.例如:Imustn’tgonow.

3.一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu):把can/may/must提在主語前.Mustyougonow?(Yes,Imust.No,Ineedn’t.)MayIopenthewindow?(Yes,youmay.No,youneedn’t.)六.hadbetter+動詞原形，表示“最好干……”，變否定句時(shí)在hadbetter后加not.例如:Youhadbettercatchabus.You’dbetternotcatchabus.(Youhad=You’d)七.動詞不定式：want/forget/remember/wouldlike/go+to+動詞原形…例如:Iwanttogetbackmybook..Lucywenttoseehismotherlastnight.九.特殊疑問句的變換：對劃線部分提問時(shí)，將劃線部分去掉，剩下部分變一般疑問句語序。（對主語提問例外）例如:MynameisLily.What’syourname?Theriveris500kilometres.Honglongistheriver?同學(xué)，這可是我結(jié)合課本與網(wǎng)絡(luò)“嘔心瀝血”總結(jié)出來的，希望對你有所幫助，如果還不行，建議到人教網(wǎng)把電子課本翻到后面也還有。

擴(kuò)展閱讀：人教版八年級下冊英語語法解析知識重點(diǎn)總結(jié)

新目標(biāo)英語八年級(下)重點(diǎn)短語及句型總Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?

1.fewerpeople更少的人（fewer修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示否定）2.lessfreetime更少的空閑時(shí)間（less修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示否定）3.intenyears10年后（in的時(shí)間短語用于將來時(shí)，提問用Howsoon）4.fallinlovewith…愛上……

例：WhenImetMr.Xuforthefirsttime,Ifellinlovewithhimatonce.

當(dāng)我第一次見到許老師，我立刻愛上他。5.livealone單獨(dú)居住

6.feellonely感到孤獨(dú)（比較：livealone/goalone等）Thegirlwalkedalonealongthestreet,butshedidn"tfeellonely.

那女孩獨(dú)自沿著街道走，但她并不感到孤獨(dú)。7.keep/feedapetpig養(yǎng)一頭寵物豬8.flytothemoon飛上月球

9.hundredsof+復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)百/幾百（概數(shù)，類似還有thousandsof;millionsof）

10.thesameas和……相同

11.AbedifferentfromBA與B不同(=Thereisadifference/ThgerearedifferencesbetweenAandB)

12.wakeup醒來(wakesb.up表示“喚醒某人”)

13.getbored變得厭倦（get/become是連系動詞，后跟形容詞如tired/angry/excited等）

14.goskating去滑冰（類似還有g(shù)ohiking/fishing/skating/bikeriding等）

15.lotsof/alotof許多（修飾可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞都可以）16.attheweekends在周末

17.studyathomeoncomputers在家通過電腦學(xué)習(xí)18.agreewithsb.同意某人(的意見)19.Idon"tagree.=Idisagree.我不同意。20.onapieceofpaper在一張紙上

（注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等�？嫉降牟豢蓴�(shù)名詞）21.onvacation度假

22.helpsbwithsth/helpsbdosth.幫助某人做某事23.manydifferentkindsofgoldfish許多不同種金魚24.liveinanapartment住在公寓里；liveonthetwelfthfloor住在12樓

25.liveatNO.332,ShanghaiStreet住在上海路332號26.asareporter作為一名記者27.looksmart顯得精神/看起來聰明28.Areyoukidding?你在騙我嗎？29.inthefuture在將來/在未來

30.nomore=not…anymore不再（強(qiáng)調(diào)多次發(fā)生的動作不再發(fā)生）31.nolonger=not…anylonger不再（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)不再發(fā)生）

32.besides（除……之外還，包括）與except=but（除……之外，不包括）33.beableto與can能；會

（beableto用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，而can

只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和一般過去時(shí)態(tài)中；haveto用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，而must只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)）例如：

①Ihavebeenableto/willbeabletospeaktwolanguages.（不可以用can）

②hadtostayathome/willhaveto（不可以用must）34.bebigandcrowded大而且擁擠34.beincollege在上大學(xué)

35.liveonaspacestation住在空間站

36.dresscasually穿得很隨意；casualclothing休閑服飾37.winthenextWorldCup贏得世界杯；winaward獲獎38.cometrue變成現(xiàn)實(shí)

39.takehundredsofyears花幾百年的時(shí)間40.befuntowatch看起來有趣41.overandoveragain一次又一次42.beindifferentshapes形狀不同43.twentyyearsfromnow今后20年本單元目標(biāo)句型：

1.Whatdoyouthinklifewillbelikein1000years?

2.Therewillbefewertrees、morebuildingsandlesspollutioninthefuture.

fewer；less表示否定之意，分別修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞；more二者都可以修飾。

3.Willkidsgotoschool?No,theywon"t/Yes,theywill。

4.Predictingthefuturecanbedifficult.5.Ineedtolooksmartformyjobinterview.6.Iwillbeabletodressmorecasually.7.IthinkI"llgotoHongKongonvacation,andonedayImightevenvisitAustralia.

8.Whatwillteenagersdoforfuntwentyyearsfromnow?

9.Thatmaynotseempossiblenow,butcomputers,spacerocketsandevenelectric

toothbrushesseemedimpossibleahundredyearsago.

本單元語法講解：一般將來時(shí)

1.表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。本時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞：①含tomorrow;next短語；②in+段時(shí)間；③howsoon；④by+將來時(shí)間；⑤bythetimesb.do…；⑥祈使句句型中：or/andsb.willdo；

⑦在時(shí)間/條件狀語從句中，如果從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來時(shí)；⑧anotherday比較begoingto與will:

begoingto表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will表示的將來時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些。如：Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.

2.begoingto表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。

Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.Hewillbetwentyyearsold.

3.begoingto含有“計(jì)劃，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而will則沒有這個意思，如：Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.

4.在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用begoingto,而多用will。如：Ifanybeastscomesatyou,I"llstaywithyouandhelpyou.

掌握了它們的這些不同，你就能很好的區(qū)分begoingto與will了。一般將來時(shí)常見的標(biāo)志詞

①含tomorrow;next短語；②in+段時(shí)間；③howsoon；④by+將來時(shí)間；5.祈使句句型中：or/andsb.willdo例：Bequick,oryouwillbelate=Ifyoudon"tbequick,youwillbelate6.在時(shí)間/條件狀語從句中，如果從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來時(shí)Unit2WhatshouldIdo?

1.tooloud太大聲2.outofstyle過時(shí)的3.instyle流行的

4.callsb.up=ringsb.up=call/ring/phonesb.給……打電話

5.enoughmoney足夠的錢(enough修飾名詞時(shí)不必后置)6.busyenough夠忙(enough修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)必須后置)7.aticketto/foraballgame一張球賽的門票注意：thekeytothelock/thekey(answer)tothequestion)/thesolutiontotheproblem.此處幾個短語不能用of表示所有格8.talkabout談?wù)?.onthephone用電話10.payfor付款

11.spend…on+sth.=spend…(in)doingsth.在……花錢12.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人做某事花……的時(shí)間13.borrow…from從……借(借進(jìn)來)14.lend…to把……借給(借出去)

15.Youcankeepthebookforaweek你可以借這本書一周。（不用borrow或lend）16.buysth.forsb.為……買東西

17.tellsb.todo/nottodosth.告訴某人做某事

18.wantsb.todosth.=wouldlikesb.todo想某人做某事19.findout發(fā)現(xiàn)；查清楚；弄明白20.playone"sstereo放錄象

21.failthetest=notpassthetest考試不及格22.failin(doing)sth.…在……上失敗,變?nèi)?3.succeedin(doing)sth.在……方面成功24.writesbaletter/writetosb.給某人寫信

25.surprisesb.使某人吃驚（類似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）

26.toone"ssurprise使某人吃驚的是……27.toone"sjoy使某人高興的是……

28.lookforapart-timejob找一份兼職的工作（不一定有結(jié)果）29.get/findapart-timejob找到一份兼職的工作（有結(jié)果）30.asksb.for…尋求/向某人要某物31.haveabakesale賣燒烤

32.arguewithsb=haveanargumentwithsb.與某人爭吵33.haveafightwithsb.=fightwith與某人打架34.dropoff離去；散去；逐漸減少;死去

35.preparefor…=getreadyfor…為……做準(zhǔn)備36.after-schoolclubs(activities)課外俱樂部（活動）be/getusedtodoing習(xí)慣做某事usedtodo過去經(jīng)常/常常做某事

beusedfordoing=beusedtodosth.被用于做某事37.fill…up填補(bǔ)；裝滿……；befullof裝滿

38.returnsth.tosb.=givesth.backtosb.把某物歸還給某人39.geton/alongwellwith與…相處很好40.allkindsof各種各樣

41.asmuchaspossible=asmuchasyoucan盡可能多42.takepartin=joinin參加（某種活動/集會）43.abit=alittle一點(diǎn)兒（當(dāng)修飾形容詞或比較級時(shí)）44.abitof=alittle一點(diǎn)兒/一些（當(dāng)修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)）45.beangrywith…生……的氣

46.byoneself=onone"sown某人自己/獨(dú)自地47.ontheonehand一方面48.ontheotherhand另一方面49.Ifind/feel/thinkitdifficulttodo…我發(fā)現(xiàn)/感到/認(rèn)為做某事很難。

50.see/hear/watchsb.doingsth.看到/聽見/注視某人正在做……51.not…until直到……才（謂語動詞一般是非延續(xù)動詞）52.表示某人情緒有關(guān)的形容詞用法:be/become+upset/tired/excited/

interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed說明：當(dāng)主語是某人時(shí)，注意后面的形容詞一般是-ed

結(jié)尾的單詞，而當(dāng)主語是某物時(shí)或修飾名詞時(shí)，注意后面形容詞一般是-ing結(jié)尾單詞.）例如:Iwassurprised/interested/amazedwhenIheardthesurprising/interesting/amazingnews.53.radioadviceprogram電臺提建議的節(jié)目54.beoriginal新穎的

55.leavesomethingsomewhere把某物忘在某處56.sportsclothes運(yùn)動服57.thesameageas=asoldas和……年齡一樣58.thetiredchildren疲憊不堪的孩子59.complainabout(doingsth.)抱怨……

60.taketheirchildrenfromactivitytoactivity帶著孩子參加一個接一個的活動61.trytodosth.盡量干某事；trydoingsth.試著干某事62.beundertoomuchpressure壓力太大63.amotherofthree三個孩子的媽媽

64.takepartinafter-schoolclubs參加課后俱樂部

65.compepitionstartsfromaveryyoungage競爭從很小年紀(jì)就開始了66.compare…with和……比較67.organizedactivities有組織的活動本單元目標(biāo)句型：

1.What"swrong(withyou)?/What"sthematter?2.WhatshouldIdo?我該怎么辦？

3.Youcouldwritehimaletter.你可以給他寫封信。Youshouldsaysorrytohim.你應(yīng)該給他道歉。4.Theyshouldn"targue.他們不應(yīng)該爭吵。5.Whydon"tyoutalktohimaboutit?

=Whynottalktohimaboutit?=Youshould/couldtalktohimaboutit.

=What/Howabouttalkingtohimaboutit.=You"dbettertalktohimaboutit.

6.Theparentstrytofitasmuchaspossibleintotheirkidslives.

7.Activitiesincludesports,languagelearning,musicandmathclasses.

Thirtypeople,includingsixchildren(sixchildrenincluded),wenttovisitthefactory.8.Peopleshouldn"tpushtheirchildrensohard.9.Parentsaretryingtoplantheirkids"livesforthem.Whenthesekidsareadults,theymightfindtdifficulttoplanthingsforthemselves.

Unit3WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOarrived?1.infrontof在……的前面（外部），inthefrontof在……的前面（內(nèi)部）2.inthelibrary在圖書館3.getoutof/getinto出……之外/進(jìn)入

4.sleeplate睡懶覺；sleepwell睡得好；gettosleep=fallasleep睡著

5.walkdown/along沿……走6.takeoff(飛機(jī))起飛；脫下（衣帽）7.onSundayevening在星期日晚上

注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某個特定的上、下午、晚上用on）8.inthetree在樹上；onthetree在樹上9.takephotos照相

10.atthetrainstation在火車站11.runaway跑開，逃跑

12.as+adj.原形as和……一樣……

例如：Sheis(not)asbeautifulashersister.Icanrunasfastashe(him)

13.buy/draw/makesth.forsb.為某人買/畫/制作14.walkhome走回家15.inhistory在歷史上16.forexample例如17.inthecityof在……市18.ontheplayground在操場上19.tenminutesago十分鐘前20.takeplace發(fā)生（強(qiáng)調(diào)必然性）21.happentosth./sb.發(fā)生（強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性）

例如：Whathashappenedtoyou?=What"sthematterwithyou?=What"swrongwithyou?22.ofcourse=sure=certainly當(dāng)然

23.allovertheworld=aroundtheworld遍及全世界24.outside/insidethestation在車站外/內(nèi)25.nextto相鄰，緊貼26.closeto接近于；在附近

27.beillinhospital/bed生病住院/臥床28.hearabout/of聽說（間接聽到）

29.insilence沉默不語；keepsilent保持沉默30.anunusualexperience一次不尋常的經(jīng)歷

31.havefundoingsth.干某事有樂趣；havedifficulttimedoingsth.干某事有困難

32.havemeaningto對……有意義33.becomethefirstChineseastronautinspace成為中國第一個太空宇航員34.anationalhero一個民族英雄

35.befamousallovertheworld全世界出名36.forthefirsttime第一次本單元目標(biāo)句型:

WhatwereyoudoingwhenIarrived/atthattime/at8:00lastnight/from9:00to10:00yesterday?

1.Iwasdoingsth.when+一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語從句……2.Howabout…=Whatabout…?

3.Whilesth./sb.wasdoingsth.,Iwasdoingsth.….

4.當(dāng)不明飛行物著陸時(shí)，你正在干啥？WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOlanded?

5.當(dāng)媽媽正在做飯時(shí)，我在看電視。Whilemymotherwascooking,IwaswatchingTV.6.IwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenaUFOlandedrightinfrontofme.

7.Youcanimagehowstrangeitwas.8.Ifollowedtoseewhereitwasgoing.9.Isn"tthatamazing!

10.Shedidn"tthinkingaboutlookingoutsidethestation.

11.Iwassotiredthismorning.Itwasdifficulttogetoutofthebed.12.LiuXiangwonthegoldmedalatthe201*Olympics.

13.Beijngwasmadehosttothe201*Olympics.

14.Peopleoftenrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheyheardthenewsofimportanteventsinhistory.

15.ThiswasoneofthemostimportanteventsinmodernAmericanhistory.16.Eventhemosteverydayactivitiescanseemimportant.17.Ourteacheraskedustostopwhatweweredoingandlisten.

18.However,inmorerecenttimes,mostAmericansrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwasdestroyedbyterrorists.19.Notalleventsinhistoryareasterribleasthis,ofcourse.20.HisflightaroundtheEarthlastedabout22hours.本單元語法講解

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（PastProgressiveTense）句型S+was/were+V-ing…例1：Shewasdoingherhomeworkat8:30yesterdayevening昨天傍晚八點(diǎn)半她正在做家庭作業(yè)。

例2：Wewerehavingsupperatthattime那個時(shí)候我們正在吃晚飯

解說：如例1所示，在單句中使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)來表達(dá)時(shí)必須把該動作正在進(jìn)行中的時(shí)間表明清楚，否則就不合邏輯了。例如：I

wastakingabathyesterday.（錯）

（昨天我正在洗澡昨天24小時(shí)都正在洗澡嗎？）所以本句應(yīng)該如例1來表達(dá)，或者用一般過去時(shí)表達(dá)如下：Itookabathyesterday.昨天我洗了澡

如果由上下文的文意，或者對談中的話意可以了解“動作正在進(jìn)行中的時(shí)間”，單句里就使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)來表達(dá)是很普通的，例如：

A：Icalledyouupyesterdayevening.B：Didyou?Atwhattime?

A：Ataroundteno"clock.大約在十點(diǎn)鐘。

B：Oh,Iwastakingabaththen.哦，當(dāng)時(shí)我正在洗澡。

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)在表達(dá)上常用的句式是如例2所示和另一個一般過去時(shí)的動作相搭配。請觀察下面的圖解說明：過去有二動作A和B（如圖示），在B動作發(fā)生時(shí)稍早發(fā)生的A動作正好在進(jìn)行中，所以這種表達(dá)法通常都是復(fù)句（主句+副詞從句）。例如：

WhenIgotupthismorning,Motherwaspreparingbreakfastinthekitchen.

(今天早上我起床時(shí)媽媽正在廚房里準(zhǔn)備早餐�！癕other….”是主句，“when…，”是副詞從句。)

常用于修飾過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞：過去的某一定點(diǎn)時(shí)刻（at+過去的時(shí)刻），then(=

atthattime)(那時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí))，all+時(shí)間，“When…/While…/As…”等副詞從句，etc

Unit4HesaidIwashard-working.1.everySaturday每周六2.firstofall首先

3.both…and…兩者都（謂語動詞要注意對稱原則）4.neither….nor兩者都不（謂語動詞要注意就近和對稱原則）5.mostof…絕大多數(shù)

6.anexcitingweek令人興奮的一周

7.agreeonsomething同意某人的計(jì)劃；對……取得一致意見8.agreetodosth.答應(yīng)/同意做……9.passon(to)傳遞10.besupposedtodosth.被期望或被要求做……11.bemadat…對……瘋狂/生氣

12.dobetterin=bebetterat在……方面做得更好13.beingoodhealth身體健康14.reportcard成績單

15.sound/feel/smell/taste/look是連系動詞，一般只能跟adj.做表語16.soundlike/feellike/smelllike/tastelike/

looklike聽起來像……/感覺像……/聞起來像……/嘗起來像……/看起來像……+sb.sth.17.get…over克服；恢復(fù)；原諒18.openup打開/展開/開發(fā)/揭露19.carefor照料；照顧；意愿；計(jì)較

20.havea(surprise)partyforsb.為某人舉行一次（驚喜)聚會21.end-of-yearexam=finalexam期末考試22.not…anymore不再23.doahomeproject做作業(yè)

24.besurprised/happy/excitedtodosth.做某事感到驚訝、高興、激動25.be/getnervous感到緊張

26.haveaveryhardtimewith…在……日子不好過27.andisappointingresult令人失望的結(jié)果28.take/leaveamessage捎（留）個口信29.haveabigfight

30.itisagoodideaforsb.todosth.31.toteachinChina"sruralareas32.feellucky

33.peoplewhoneedhelp需要幫助的人

34.somethingwecandoforthem我們能為他們做的事

35.thereisnodifferencebetween…and…在……和……之間沒有區(qū)別36.GroupsandtheworktheydoGroupsTheworktheydo

GreenpeaceCaresfor“MotherEarth”

DoctorsWithoutBordersHelpssickpeopleinpoorcountries

UNICEFHelpschildreninpoorcountriesWWFCaresforwildanimalsindanger37.theHopeProject希望工程38.fortunately本單元目標(biāo)句型：轉(zhuǎn)述他人話語:Whatdidsb.say?HesaidI….Shesaidshe….Theysaid….

1.許老師告訴我徐夢蝶會說二種語言。Mr.XutoldmethatXuMengdiecouldspeakthreelanguages.

2.許老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。Mr.Xusaid(that)theearthturnsaroundthesun.3.許老師告訴我他將去北京。ShetoldmehewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.4.許老師說歐洋正在做作業(yè)Mr.XusaidOuYangwasdoinghishomeworkatthattime.

5.許老師說王碩研勤奮。Mr.XusaidWangShuoyanwashard-working.

6.在英語上，與聽相比，我更擅長于讀。InEnglish,I"mbetteratreadingthanlistening.7.情況怎樣？How"sitgoing?

8.她不想再當(dāng)我最好的朋友了。Shedidn"twanttobemybestfriendanymore.9.Isaiditwouldstartabadhabit,andthatshewoulddoherownwork.10.That"saboutallthenewsIhavenow.MumandDadsendtheirlove.11.Shesaidhelpingotherschangedherlife.12.Teachinghighschoolstudentsinapoor

mountainvillageinGansuProvincemaynotlikefuntoyou.

13.ThePekingUniversitygraduatefirstwentthereasanvolunteeronaone-yearprogram.

14.LifeinthemountainswasanewexperienceforLangLei.Hervillagewas2,000metereabovethesealevel,andatfirstthethinairmadeherfeelsick.15.Youngpeopletodayneedtoexperiencedifferentthings

16.Someofthestudentsmaynotbeabletogotoseniorhighschoolorcollage.17.Icanopenupmystudents"eyestotheoutsideworldandgivethemagoodstartinlife.

18.Shesaidshelikesbeingagoodinfluenceinthechildren"slives.

19.ShenowworksasamathteacheratahighschoolinthecityofPingliang,GansuProvince.

20.YouareatB"shouseworkingonahomeworkproject.

21.Youweresupposedtomeetatthebusstopthismorningtoreturnit,butAdidn"tcometothebusstop.

22.AcallsyouwithamessageforC.Passonmessage,andthengiveC"sanswertoA.

23.Whataresomethingsthathappenonsoapoperas?本單元語法講解直接引語和間接引語

（一）直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語；用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內(nèi)，間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等進(jìn)行改變。

1.時(shí)態(tài)的變化：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動詞said，asked等的影響而使用過去化的時(shí)態(tài)，即把原來的時(shí)態(tài)向過去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變。一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)等。例如：Tomsaidtome,“Mybrotherisdoinghishomework.”

→Tomsaidtomethathisbrotherwasdoinghishomework.

2.人稱代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等等的變化；根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化。如：

SheaskedJack,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”→SheaskedJackwherehehadbeen.

Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.

（二）直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，都使用陳述語序，但是因?yàn)樵�句的句式不同，所以變成間接引語時(shí)所用的連詞會有所不同。

1.陳述句的間接引語：陳述句由直接引語變間接引語，由that引導(dǎo)，可以省略�！癐wanttheblueone.”hetoldus.“我想要蘭色的。”他說�！鶫etoldusthathewantedtheblueone.他說他想要蘭色的。

Shesaidtome,“Youcan"tdoanythingnow.”她對我說：“此刻你無法做任何事情�！薄鶶hetoldmethatIcouldn"tdoanythingthen.她對我說那時(shí)我無法做任何事。2.疑問句的間接引語

直接引語如果是疑問句，變成間接引語后，叫做間接疑問句。間接疑問句為陳述語序，句末用句號，動詞時(shí)態(tài)等的變化與間接陳述句相同。引述動詞常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow等間接疑問句一般有三種：

(1)一般疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，由whether或if引導(dǎo)。如：“HasheeverworkedinShanghai?”Jimasked.“他在上海工作過嗎？”吉姆問。

→Jimaskedwhether/ifhehadeverworkedinShanghai.吉姆問他是否在上海工作過�！癈anyoutellmethewaytothehospital?”Theoldmanasked.

那個老人問："你能告訴我去醫(yī)院的路嗎？→TheoldmanaskedwhetherIcouldtellhimthewaytothehospital.

那老人問我是否能告訴他去醫(yī)院路。

(2)特殊疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，仍由原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：“Whichroomdoyoulivein?”Heasked.“你住哪個房間？”他問我。

→HeaskedmewhichroomIlivedin.他問我住哪個房間�！癢hatdoyouthinkofthefilm?”Sheasked.她問：“你怎么看這部電影？”

→Sheaskedherfriendwhatshethoughtofthefilm.她問她朋友怎么看這部電影。

(3)選擇疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，由whether/if…or引導(dǎo)。如：“IsityourbikeorTom"s?”Mumasked.媽媽問：“這是你的自行車還是湯姆的？”

→Mumaskedwhether/ifitwasmybikeorTom"s.媽媽問這是我的自行車還是湯姆的。

“Doesyoursisterlikebluedressesorgreenones?”Kateasked.

“你妹妹喜歡蘭色的裙子還是綠色的？”凱特問�！鶮ateaskedwhether/ifmysisterlikedbluedressesorgreenones.

凱特問我妹妹喜歡蘭色裙子還是綠色的。

3.祈使句的間接引語當(dāng)祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，間接祈使句的引述動詞常用tell,ask,order,beg,request,order等，而把直接祈使句變成帶to的不定式短語。如：Jacksaid,“Pleasecometomyhousetomorrow,Mary.”杰克說：“瑪麗，明天請到我家來。”

→JackaskedMarytogotohishousethenextday.杰克請瑪麗第二天到他家去。

Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Stoptalking.”老師對學(xué)生們說：“不要講話了�！�

→Theteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking.老師讓學(xué)生們不要說話了。

“Don"ttouchanything.”Hesaid.“不要碰任何東西。”他說�！鶫etoldusnottotouchanything.他對我們說不要碰任何東西。4.動詞時(shí)態(tài)和代詞等的變動

(1)某些代詞，限定詞，表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的副詞和個別動詞在間接引語中的變化規(guī)則：直接引語間接引語todaythatday

nowthen,atthatmomentyesterdaythedaybefore

thedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrowtwodaysafter,/intwodays

nextweek/monthetc.thenextweek/monthetclastweek/monthetc.theweek/monthetc.before

heretherethisthatthesethosecomegobringtake(2)

如果引述動詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，則間接引語中的動詞時(shí)態(tài)，代詞，限定詞和表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的副詞不用變化。而如果引述動詞是過去時(shí)，以上內(nèi)容就要有相應(yīng)變化。變化情況如下：

現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過去的時(shí)間(注意:如果直接引語是表示客觀規(guī)律的，那么時(shí)態(tài)仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)→過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過去完成時(shí)

Unit5Ifyougototheparty,you"llhaveagreattime!

1.attheparty在晚會上

2.asksb.todosth.請某人做某事3.stayathome呆在家

4.halftheclass/students一半學(xué)生5.getinjured受傷

6.haveagreattime=haveawonderful/goodtime玩得高興7.take…away運(yùn)走，取走；putaway收起來，放好8.allthetime=always一直，始終9.makealiving(bydoingsth.)謀生10.inordertodosth.…為了做某事11.haveaparty舉行聚會12.gotocollege上大學(xué)

13.befamousfor…因……而著稱；befamousas…作為……而出名14.makemoney=earnmoney掙錢15.infact事實(shí)上16.laughat…嘲笑

17.toomuch太多(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)toomany太多(修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))muchtoo+形容詞/副詞太……18.getexercise鍛煉。注意：exercise

當(dāng)“鍛煉”是不可數(shù)名詞；而當(dāng)“操”“練習(xí)”是可數(shù)名詞19.travelaroundtheworld周游世界20.workhard努力工作21.wearjeans穿牛仔褲

22.let…in允許……進(jìn)入，嵌入keep…out不允許……進(jìn)入23.getaneducation獲得教育24.take…away拿開，拿走25.studyforthetest準(zhǔn)備考試

26.makesomefood準(zhǔn)備食物；makedumplings做水餃；makethebed整理床鋪

27.halftheclass一半的學(xué)生

28.therulesforschoolparties學(xué)校派對的規(guī)則29.children"shospital兒童醫(yī)院30.jointheLions加入獅隊(duì)

31.givemoneytoschoolsandcharities給學(xué)校和慈善組織捐錢

32.becomeaprofessionalsoccerplayer成為一個職業(yè)的足球運(yùn)動員

33.organizethegamesfortheclassparty為班級派對準(zhǔn)備游戲

34.playsportsforaliving靠體育運(yùn)動為生本單元目標(biāo)句型：

1.Ifyoudo,you"ll….2.I"mgoingto….3.Youshould….4.Don"tyouwantto…?5.Don"tyouthink…?①如果李老師去參加晚會，我們將會玩得非常高興。IfMsLigoestotheparty,we"llhaveagreattime.

②如果你穿牛仔褲去晚會，李老師將不會讓你進(jìn)入。Ifyouwearjeanstotheparty,MsLiwon"tletyouin.

6.Formanyyoungpeople,becomingaprofessionalathletemightseemlikeadreamjob.

7.Ifyoubecomeaprofessionalathlete,youwillbeabletomakealivingdoingsomethingyoulove.8.However,professionalathletescanalsohavemanyproblems.

9.Ifyouarefamous,peoplewillwatchyouallthetimeandfollowyoueverywhere.Thiscanmakelifedifficult.

10.Ifyoubecomerich,youwillhaveadifficulttimeknowingwhoyourrealfriendsare.

11.Infact,manyfamouspeoplecomplainthattheyarenothappy.本單元語法講解

if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。If是連詞，所連接的句子叫條件狀語從句，表示假設(shè)或條件，意思是“如果……的話”，用法如下：

1.表示假設(shè)，表示將會發(fā)生和可能發(fā)生的事，或進(jìn)行提醒警告。句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：If+句子(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))，+主句（主語will/may/can)+動詞）a.Ifyoufinishyourhomework,youcangooutandplay.

b.IfIhaveenoughmoneynextyear,Iwillgototravel.

2.表示真實(shí)條件、客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象、定理定義、民間諺語等，句型是：If+句子(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))，+主句(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)).例：Ifyoustudyhard,youaresuretosucceed.

Ifyouputiceinawarmplace,itturnsintowater.

Ifaglassfallsonthefloor,itusuallybreaks.Ifyoucookabanana,itbecomesverysoft.Ifaplantdon"tgetenoughlight,itgrowsverytallandthin.

Unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells?1.raisemoneyfor籌錢2.collectstamps集郵3.runoutof…用盡4.bytheway順便說一下5.onthewayto…在……的路上6.beinterestedin對……感興趣7.morethan=over超過8.flykites放風(fēng)箏9.startclass開始上課

10.startasnowglobecollector"sclub開辦雪球儀收集者俱樂部

11.themostcommon(unusual,interesting)hobby最普通的愛好

12.listentomusicvideos聽音樂碟片13.organizeatalentshowtoraisemoneyforcharity為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐錢而舉辦的才藝展示14.extraEnglishlessons額外的英語課

15.haveproblemswiththelanguage語言方面有問題16.thecapitalofHeilongjiangProvince黑龍江的省會17.aninterestingcitywithacolorfulhistory一個有著豐富多彩歷史文化的有趣的城市18.threeandahalfyears=threeyearsandahalf三年半

19.apairofskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans

一雙滑冰鞋/一雙鞋/一副眼鏡/一條褲子/牛仔褲Howmuchisapairofskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?

=Howmuchdoesa(this)pairofskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeanscost?

Howmucharetheskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?

=Howmuchdotheskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeanscost?本單元目標(biāo)句型：

1.Howlonghaveyoubeenskating?你滑冰有多長時(shí)間了？2.I"vebeenskatingsincenineo"clock/sinceIwasfouryearsold.

我從九點(diǎn)一直滑到現(xiàn)在/我從四歲一直滑到現(xiàn)在。3.I"vebeenskatingforfivehours.我一直滑了五小時(shí)。4.ThemoreIlearnaboutChinesehistory,themoreIenjoylivinginChina.

我對中國的歷史了解得越多，我就越喜歡住在中國。5.Wasthisyourfirstskatingmarathon?No,Iskatedinamarathonlastyear.

6.Whendidyougetyourfirstpairofskates?7.Alisonwasthefirstonetostartandhasbeenskatingforthewholefivehours.

Alison是第一個開始并且已經(jīng)滑了整整5個小時(shí)。8.I"mtalkingtoyoufromtheHilltopSchoolSkatingMarathon.

9.Foreveryhourtheyskate,eachstudentraisestenyuanforcharity.

每滑一個小時(shí)，每位學(xué)生可為慈善事業(yè)籌集10元錢。10.Thanksforsendingmethesnowglobeofthemonster.

InfactIthinkit"sprobablymyfavorite.

謝謝你送我的怪物雪球儀。事實(shí)上，我想它可能是我的最愛。11.MymomsaysIhavetostop,becausewe"verunoutofroomtostorethem.

媽媽說我必須停止了，因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)沒有地方來存放他們了。12.ThefirstoneIevergotwasabirthdaycakesnowglobeonmytwelfthbirthday.

我得到的第一個雪球儀是我十二歲生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球儀。13.Iparticularlyloveglobeswithanimals.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.

我特別喜歡動物雪球儀。如果你知道其他人收集他們的話，請告訴我們。14.Bytheway,what"syourhobby?15.I"minterestedinthejobasawriter.16.Theschoolnewspaperneedsawriter.Wewillgiveyoudifferenttopicstochoosefrom.Togetthejob,pleaseanswerthesefourquestions.

校報(bào)需要一個撰稿人。我們會給你一些不同的話題來選擇。要得到這份工作，請回答這樣四個問題。

17.HowmanyChinesedynastiescanyouthinkof?你能想起多少中國朝代？

18.Canyouthinkoffamouscharactersfromthehistoryofothercountries?Makealist.

從其他國家歷史中，你能記起一些著名人物嗎？列個表。19.Infact,thefirstJewsprobablycametoKaifengmorethanathousandyearsagoandwerewelcomedbytheSongEmperor.

事實(shí)上，第一批猶太人可能在一千多年前就來到開封而且受到宋朝皇帝的歡迎。20.ThereissomeEuropeaninfluenceinthecity,andsomeoftheoldbuildingsinHarbinareinRussianstyle.

這個城市有歐洲文化的影響，而且哈爾濱的一些老建筑還是俄羅斯風(fēng)格的。21.Foraforeignerlikeme,themoreIlearnaboutChineseculture,themoreIenjoylivinginChina.

對于一個像我一樣的外國人來說，我對中國文化了解越多，我就越喜歡住在中國。22.AndalthoughIlivequitefarfromBeijing,I"mcertainIwillbeherefortheOlympicGamesin201*.

盡管我住得離北京很遠(yuǎn)，但我相信201*年奧運(yùn)會我一定在這兒。本單元語法講解

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示從過去某時(shí)開始到現(xiàn)在這一段時(shí)間里一直在延續(xù)的動作。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行式結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+been+doing1.Ihavebeenwritingthelettersince

then.從那時(shí)起我一直在寫這封信。（動作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)）2.Ihavebeencollectingstampsfortenyears.

自從10年前我就收集郵票了（動作從過去一直現(xiàn)在還在收集）。3.Howlonghaveyoubeenlivinghere?

你在這兒已經(jīng)住了多長時(shí)間了。（“居住”動作從過去一直現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性；

2.如果沒有時(shí)間強(qiáng)調(diào)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動作仍在進(jìn)行，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，

3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般不適用于表狀態(tài)的動詞，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則可。Unit7Wouldyoumindturningdownthemusic?1.turn…down/turn…up關(guān)小聲/調(diào)大聲音（電器）2.turn…on/turn…off打開/關(guān)閉（電器）3.movethebike移動自行車

4.inaminute/rightaway/innotime立刻；馬上5.belateforschool/class=arrivelateforschool上學(xué)/上課遲到

6.waitinline=standinline排隊(duì)等候7.cutinline=jumpaqueue插隊(duì)8.getmad/annoyed變得生氣9.happentosb.發(fā)生在……身上10.halfanhour半小時(shí)11.atfirst首先

12.atlast=intheend=finally最后

13.allowsb.todo/nottodosth.允許某人做/不做某事14.beallowedtodo/nottodosth.某人不被允許某人做/不做某事15.inpublic當(dāng)眾地；公開地；公然地16.inpublicplaces在公共場所17.breaktherule不遵守規(guī)則18.pick…up撿起19.put…out熄滅20.droplitter扔垃圾

21.keepthevoicedown控制聲音22.dothedishes

23.putonanotherpairofjeans24.beatameeting25.helpmeinthekitchen26.makesomeposters27.clothingstore28.follow…around29.wanttobepolite30.standinthesubwaydoor31.cutinline32.standcloseto…

33.havedifferentideasabout34.feeluncomfortable35.inallsituations36.inpublicplaces本單元目標(biāo)句型：

1.Wouldyoumindcleaningtheyard?你介意打掃院子嗎?2.Notatall.I"lldoitrightaway.一點(diǎn)也不。我馬上就掃。3.Wouldyoumindnotplayingbaseballhere.你介意不要在這打棒球嗎?

4.Wouldyoumindgivingmeasmallerone?5.Sorry,we"llgoandplayinthepark.對不起，我們到公園去打。

6.Couldyou(please)makedinner?請做晚飯好嗎?7.That"snoproblem.沒問題。

8.Couldyou(please)notfeedthedog?=Wouldyoumindnotfeedingthedog?

=Wouldyou(please)notfeedthedog?=Pleasedon"tfeedthedog,willyou?請不要喂狗好嗎?

9.Ifyoufinishthesetasks,wecangotoamovietonight.

10.Yourbarbergaveyouaterriblehaircut.11.Thestoreclerkgaveyouthewrongsize.12.Thewaitressbroughtyouthewrongfood.13.Thepenyouboughtdidn"twork.

14.YouorderedahamburgerwithFrenchfriesbutonlygotahamburger.

15.Weaskedsomepeoplewhatannoyedthem.Here"swhattheysaid.

16.Idon"tlikewaitinginlinewhenashopassistanthasalongtelephoneconversation.17.Thishappenstomeallthetimeintheschoollibrary.

18.PerhapsinthefutureIshouldtrynottobesopolite.19.Thewaypeoplebehaveisdifferentindifferentculturesandsituations.

20.Sometimes,rulesofetiquettearethesamealmosteverywhere.

21.Wemightwanttoasksomeonetobehavemorepolitelyifweseethembreakingaruleofetiquette.

22.Etiquettemeansnormalandpolitesocialbehavior.

23.Thismayseemlikeadifficultwordatfirst,butitcanbeveryusefultounderstand.

24.Infact,weshouldalsotakecarenottocoughorsneezeloudlyinpublicifpossible.

25.Peopledon"tusuallyliketobecriticized,sowehavetobecarefulhowwedothis.

26.看到有人抽煙你可以說：Couldyoupleaseputoutthatcigarette?

27.看到有人亂丟垃圾你可以說：Wouldyoumindpickingitup?28.看到有人插隊(duì)你可以說：Sorry,wouldyoumindjoiningtheline?

常見動名詞、分詞的習(xí)慣用法總結(jié)使用-ing分詞的幾種情況1.在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。如：

①HeiswatchingTVintheroom.

②Theyweredancingatnineo"clocklastnight.

2.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Thereisaboyswimmingintheriver.

3.在havefun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：WehavefunlearningEnglishthisterm.

Theyhadproblemsgettingtothetopofthemountain.

4.在介詞后面。如：Thanksforhelpingme.Areyougoodatplayingbasketball？

What/Howaboutdoingsth?做某事怎么樣?Iaminterestedinplayingfootball.5.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中

1.enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事2.finishdoingsth.完成做某事3.feellikedoingsth.想要做某事

4.stopdoingsth.停止做某事（原來的事）5.forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事

6.goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事（原來的事）7.rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事8.likedoingsth.喜歡做某事9.find/see/hear/watchsb.doing發(fā)現(xiàn)/看到/聽到/觀看某人做10.trydoingsth.試圖做某事11.needdoingsth.需要做某事12.preferdoingsth.寧愿做某事13.minddoingsth.介意做某事14.missdoingsth.錯過做某事15.practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事16.bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事17.can"thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事

18.wastetime/moneydoing浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做……19.keepsb.doing讓……始終/一直做……20.stopsb.(from)doing阻止某人做某事21.preferdoingBtodoingB=likeAbetterthanA喜歡做A更喜歡做B22.“dosome+doing”短語

如：dosomeshopping/dosomewashing/dosomereading/dosomepracticing/dosomecleaning/dosomespeaking

23.“godoing”短語去做某事（主要指文娛活動等）如：goshopping/gofishing/goswimming/gohiking/goskating/gocamping/goskiing（滑雪)/goboating/gohunting(打獵)注意動詞的過去分詞的常見搭配:

Ifeel(am/was)excited/surprised/amazed/interested/tired/pleased/worried/lostkeep…closed；aboycalled/namedTomUnit8Whydon"tyougetherascarf?1.fallasleep入睡

2.give…away贈送；分發(fā)3.ratherthan寧愿……而不是，勝于

4.woulddo…ratherthando寧愿……不愿做5.hearof…聽說

6.makefriendswith和……交友7.photoalbum像冊8.toopersonal太私人化

9.notinteresting/special/creativeenough不夠有趣10.makeaspecialmeal做一頓特別的飯11.an8-year-oldchild一個六歲的孩子12.thesedays最近13.not…atall根本不14.differentkindsof不同種類15.makeherhappy使她高興

16.someoneelse別人（else總是后置）17.improveEnglish提高英語18.indifferentways以不同的方式19.encouragesbtodo鼓勵某人做20.make(great)progress取得進(jìn)步

21.takeaninterestin/beinterestedin對……感興趣22.onmytwelfth/twentiethbirthday23.agoldfish-twogoldfish24.apignamed/calledConnie25.fromacrossChina

26.enteratestbysingingpopularEnglishsongs27.comefromallagegroups

28.thewinnerofthewomen"scompetition29.wintheprize

30.trytospeakEnglishmore

31.aspokespersonfromtheOlympicCommittee32.hearof

33.manyotherfunwaystolearnEnglish34.makefriendswithanativespeakerofEnglish35.findagoodwaytolearntolearnEnglish本單元目標(biāo)句型：

1.WhatshouldIgetmymomforherbirthday?我應(yīng)該為我的媽媽買什么?

2.Whydon"tyou/Whynotbuy/Whataboutbuying/Howaboutbuyingascarf?為什么不買條圍巾呢?

3.What"sthebestgiftyouhaveeverreceived?你曾收到的最好禮物是什么?4.Whataluckyguy!多幸運(yùn)的家伙!

5.Ithinkadogisagoodpetfora6-year-oldchild.

6.Really?Idon"tagree.Dogsaretoodifficulttotakecareof.

7.Whatareadvantagesanddisadvantagesofkeepingsuchapet?

8.Thetrendiestkindofpetthesedaysisthepot-belliedpig.

9.Pot-belliedpigsmakethebestpets.

10.However,lifewithapigisn"talwaysperfect.11.Nowsheistoobigtosleepinthehouse,soImadeheraspecialpighouse.

12.Themoviewasboring.Ifellasleephalfwaythroughit.

13.Aleaffromatreeisenoughtomakeherveryhappy.

13.Giftgivingisdifferentindifferentcountries.

14.Thesamegiftmaybegivenawaytosomeoneelse.

15.IntheUSA,somepeopleasktheirfamiliesandfriendstogivemoneytocharityratherthanbuythemgifts.

16.InSweden,doingsomethingforsomeoneisthebestgift.Peopledon"tneedtospend

toomuchmoney.Instead,makingamealisenough.

17.Chinawillbethehostforthe201*OlympicsandsomanyChinesepeopletrytoimprovetheirEnglishindifferentways.Chinawillholdthe….

18.Nearlyallthesingerssangveryclearly,andlookedcomfortableonstage.

19.SomeofthesesingerswereabletosingEnglishsongsjustaswellasnativespeakers.20.ShesaidthatsingingEnglishsongsmadehermoreinterestedinlearningEnglish.

21.HeagreesthatitisagoodideatohavefunwithEnglish.

22.ItsuggestswaysforBeijingerstotakeaninterestinlearningEnglish.

常見動詞不定式詞組、句型用法總結(jié)

固定用法(非謂語動詞)：以下是帶to的動詞不定式常見搭配★希望做某事hopetodosth.★決定做某事decidetodosth.★同意做某事agreetodosth.★需要某人做某事needtodosth.★使用某物做某事usesthtodosth.★迫不及待做某事can"twaittodo★準(zhǔn)備做某事get/bereadytodo★盡力/努力做某事trytodosth.★計(jì)劃做某事plantodosth.★不得不havetodo

★輪流做某事takeone"sturnstodosth.★拒絕做某事refusetodosth.★告訴某人做某事tellsb.todosth.★請某人做某事asksb.todosth.★希望某人做某事wishsb.todosth.

★想要某人做某事want/wouldlikesb.todosth.★同意某人做某事agreesb.todosth.★教某人做某事teachsb.todosth.★喜歡/想要某人做某事likesb.todosth.★幫助某人做某事helpsb.todosth./helpsb.do★encouragesb.todo鼓勵某人做

★It"sone"sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事例句:Ityourturntocleantheblackboard.

★It"stime(forsb.)todosth.是某人做某事時(shí)候了例句:It"stimeformetogohome.★It"s+adj.for/ofsb.todosth.對于某人來說做某事是……（當(dāng)adj.是表示性格、品德的形容詞時(shí)用of）例句:Itiseasyformetolearnitwell.Itisverykind/foolish/niceofyoutodoso.

★Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人做某事花了某時(shí)間。例句:1.Ittakesmeanhourtogettoschoolbybike.

2.IttookmeanhourtowatchTVlastnight.3.Itwilltakehertwoweekstofinishthework.

★too+adj./adv.todosth.太……而不能。例:Hewastoangrytosayaword.

★find/think/feelit+adj.todosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/感到做某事是……。例:Ifind/think/feelithardtolearnEnglishwell.

★序數(shù)詞+todo第……個做某事例句:Whoisthefirsttogetthere?

★我不知/忘記了怎么辦。Ididn"tknow/forgotwhattodo.★離開房間時(shí)不要忘記/記住關(guān)燈

例句:Don"tforget/Remembertoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroom

★be+adj.+todosth.例句:Iamverysorrytohearthat.

Iamreadytohelpothers.Iamhappy/pleased/gladtomeetyou.順口溜：

本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主表定補(bǔ)賓和狀；樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語它不敢；大家千萬要小心，有時(shí)它把句型改；作主語時(shí)用it，自己在后把身藏；七個感官三使役，賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開；疑問詞后接上它，賓語從句可充當(dāng)；邏輯主語不定式，不定式前加forsb.；to前not是否定，各種用法區(qū)別開。

以下是不帶to的動詞不定式(即動詞原形)的常見用法★letsb.dosth.讓某人做某事★makedosth.使得某人做某事★heardosthdosth.聽見某人做某事★seedosthdosth.看見某人做某事

★whynot或whydon"tyou+動詞原形？為什么不……?（表示建議）例:Whynot/Whydon"tyoutakeawalk?

★某人+hadbetter(not)do某人最好(不)做某事★情態(tài)動詞can/may/must/should+動詞原形（包括情態(tài)動詞的否定形式+動詞原形）

★助動詞do/does/did/will/would在構(gòu)成疑問句或者構(gòu)成否定句即：don"t/doesn"t/didn"t/willnot/wouldnot+動詞原形

★begoingto+動詞原形（表示“即將；打算”做某事）Unit9Haveyoueverbeentoanamusementpark?1.takearide兜風(fēng)2.takethesubway

3.havebeento,havegoneto4.ontheonehand,ontheotherhand5.agoodplacetopracticeyourEnglish6.outsideofChina7.endup結(jié)束

8.takeaholiday/vacation度假9.allyearround全年10.suchas例如

11.azoocalled/named…一個叫做……的動物園12.duringthedaytime在白天13.wakeup醒來

14.wakesomebodyup喚醒/叫醒某人

15.haveagreat/nice/wonderful/greattime玩得高興16.awonderfulplacetotakeaholiday/tovisit一個度假/游覽的好地方

17.anEnglish-speakingcountry一個講英語的國家18.beasleep=fallasleep睡著19.goonaDISNEYcruise

20.traveltoanotherprovinceofChina21.thereasonsforlearningEnglish22.anexchangestudent23.improvemylisteningskills24.one…,theother…

25.ThreequartersofthepopulationareChinese.四分之三的人口是中國人（謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式）

26.What"sthepopulationofChina?中國的人口是多少？（不用howmuch提問）

27.ThepopulationofChinais1.3billion.中國的人口是13億。（謂動詞用單形式）本單元目標(biāo)句型：

1.Meneither.(用于否定句后)2.It"sfuntolearnanotherlanguage.

3.Disneylandisanamusementpark,butwecanalsocallitathemepark.

4.Ithasallthenormalattractionsyoucanfindatanamusementpark,butitalsohasatheme.5.therollercoasteristhemedwithDisneycharacters.

6.YoucanseeDisneycharacterswalkingaroundDisneylandallthetime.

7.ThesearehugeboatsthatalsohavetheDisneytheme.Youcantakearideontheboatforseveraldays,andyousleepandeatonboard.

8.TherearealsomanyattractionsonboardjustlikeanyotherDisneyland.

9.Theboatridesalltakedifferentroutes,buttheyallendupinthesameplace.10.ItisjustsomuchfuninDisneyland.

11.Here"swhattwoofourstudentssaidaboutourschool.

12.WhenIwasayounggirl,allIeverwantedtodowastraveling,andIdecidedthat

thebestwaytodothiswastobecomeaflightattendant.

13.IdiscoveredthatthemostimportantrequirementwastospeakEnglishwell,soIstudiedEnglishattheHilltopLanguageSchoolforfiveyearsbeforeIbecameaflightattendant.14.ItwasbecauseIcouldspeakEnglishthatIgotthejob.

15.It"sallIhaveeverwantedtobe.

16.However,IknowthatIhavetoimprovemyEnglish,soIhavestartedtakinglessonsattheschool.

17.MaybewhenIleaveschoolI"llthinkaboutbecominganEnglishteacherratherthanatourguide.

18.Whatotherjobishethinkingofdoing?19.Youcanrentbicyclesattheamusementpark.20.FormanyChinesetourists,thissmallislandinSoutheastAsiaisawonderfulplacetotakeaholiday.

21.Maybeyoufearthatyouwon"tbeabletofindanythingtoeatinaforeigncountry.

22.However,ifyou"refeelingbrave,Singaporeisanexcellentplacetotrynewfood.23.Ifyougotoseelions,tigers,orfoxesduringthedaytime,they"llprobablyaasleep.24.OnegreatthingaboutSingaporeisthatthetemperatureisalmostthesameallyearround.Thisisbecausetheislandissoclosetotheequator.Soyoucanchoosetogowheneveryoulike-spring,summer,orwinter.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句型舉例：

1.Haveyoueverbeentoanamusementpark?你曾經(jīng)去過游樂園嗎？Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven"t.

2.Ihaveneverbeenthere.Meneither=NeitherhaveI.我也沒有。

3.Whereishe?HehasgonetotheBeijing.

4.HowlonghashebeeninBeijing?（不能用come/arrive）

5.I"veneverbeentoanaquarium.我從沒去過水族館。6.Ihavebeenastudenthereforayear.我成為這里的學(xué)生有一年了。（不能用become）=Ibecameastudenthereayearago.

7.Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.（不能用die）=hediedtwoyearsago.

8.Ihavebeenateachersincetenyearsago(fortenyears.)（不能用become）

9.Ihavejust/ever/already/neverseenthemovie.Haveyoueverheardofthemanbefore?本單元語法講解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。本時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞：already（“已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句中，放在have/has之后或句尾）yet（“仍然；還”，用于疑問句或否定句的句尾）just（“剛剛”，放在have/has之后）before（“以前”，放在句尾）

ever（“曾經(jīng)”，放在have/has之后）never（“從沒有”，在have/has之后）例句：

1.Ourteacherhasjustleft.2.WehavestudiedEnglishalready.3.Ihavenotfinishedthehomeworkyet.4.HehasneverbeentoBeijingbefore.2.

某個動作從過去已經(jīng)開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,還有可能持續(xù)到將來.動作的持續(xù)性要通過一段時(shí)間來表示一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有兩種：

for+一段時(shí)間forayear，fortwoweeks，forthreeyears

Since+過去的某一時(shí)刻sincenine，sincelastweek

Since+一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句sinceyoucame;sinceyougothome

注意：結(jié)束性動詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用,但是它們可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞。

1.直接用延續(xù)性動詞

buy--have；catch(get)acold--haveacold；borrow--keep；become--be；puton--wear2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞

jointhearmy--beasoldier；jointheParty--beaPartymember；gotoschool--eastudent3.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞

die--bedead；finish--beover；begin--beon；leave--beaway；fallsleep--beasleep；close--beclosed；cometo/goto/arriveat(in)+某地--bein(at)+某地

4.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語gotoschool--beinschool；getup--beup

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)常見標(biāo)志詞

1.already(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛),never(從未/從沒有),ever(曾經(jīng)),yet(仍然/還),before(以前)(句尾時(shí))

2.since+點(diǎn)時(shí)刻或從句;for+段時(shí)間;howlong(疑問句中用來提問since/for短語的)

3.sofar/tillnow/bynow到目前為止；迄今

4.recently近來，inthepast/last+段時(shí)間在過去的幾年中5.once(一次)，twice,three(four…)times6.Itisthe+最高級+n.+(that)sb.haveeverdone例：What"sthebestgiftyouhaveeverreceived?你曾收到的最好禮物是什么?Unit10It"saniceday,isn"tit?

1.feellikedoing=wanttodosth.想做某事2.liketodosth./likedoingsth.喜歡做某事3.wouldliketodo=wanttodo想要做某事4.likesb.todo想要某人做某事5.feellikesth.覺得像……

6.haveahard/difficulttimedoingsth.費(fèi)了很大勁做某事7.haveproblemdoingsth.做某事有困難8.havefundoingsth.樂于做某事

9.needtodosth.需要做某事（主語是人，強(qiáng)調(diào)主動）

10.needdoing=needtobedone需要被……（主語是物，強(qiáng)調(diào)被動）例如：Ineedtodomyhomework.Thebikeneedsmending/reparing

11.athank-younotefor…感謝信12.lookthrough瀏覽

13.getalong/onwellwith相處得好14.atleast至少15.atmost最多

16.becareful=lookout當(dāng)心；小心17.becarefultodo/nottodosth.小心做/不做某事18.crossastreet=goacrossastreet過街（穿過表面）19.gothrough穿過（空間/房間/森林等）20.gopast經(jīng)過/路過21.comealong跟著來

22.sayinalow/loudvoice小聲地/大聲地說23.somethingcost+錢=somethingisworth+錢某物值多少錢

24.ahigh/lowtemperature高/低溫25.thepriceishigh/low價(jià)格高/低

26.do/tryone"sbesttodosth.努力/盡力做某事27.bynoon

28.lookthroughbooksinabookstore29.aboyyou"veneverseenbefore目標(biāo)句型：反意疑問句句型如下：

注意：以下本單元語法反意疑問句容易考到的幾個句型：1.Itlookslikerain,doesn"tit?Yes,itdoes./No,itdoesn"t.看起來要下雨了,是嗎?

2.He"sreallygood,isn"the?他確實(shí)好，是嗎?3.Youarenewhere,aren"tyou?你是新來的，是嗎?4.YouhaveneverbeentoBeijing,haveyou?(never表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)5.Shehasfewfriends,doesshe?(few表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)

6.Tomhadlittleworktodo,didhe?(little表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)

7.Youcanhardlydothework,canyou?(hardly表達(dá)否定含義,后面用肯定)8.Let"sgohome,shallwe?

9.Don"tbelateagain/Letusgohome,willyou?(祈使句用willyou;但Let"s開頭的用shallwe)10.Thankyousomuchforasking/inviting/havingme!非常感謝你邀請我

11.Howmuchdoesthatshirtcost?=Howmuchistheshirt?那件襯衣值多少錢?12.Hesureis.

13.Thisisgreatweather,isn"tit?Itsureis.Butit"salittlehotforme.14.Thelineisslow,isn"tit?

15.Theirpricesarereallylow,aren"tthey?16.Howbigisyourapartment?

17.DidyouseethegameonTVFridaynight?18.Sometimesitisn"teasybeingthenewkidatschool.

19.Thevideoyoushowedwasreallyfun.20.Iwashavingahardtimefindingituntilyoucamealong.

21.Friendslikeyoumakeitaloteasiertogetalonginanewplace.

22.Thanksfortheticketsfornextweek"sgame.I"mreallyhappytohavethetickets.23.I"llthinkofyouaswewatchtheBlackSockswinthegame.

24.Thetrafficisverybusyatthistime.

25.I"mgoingtolookthroughthenewspaperforaholidayjob.

26.Becarefultolookbothwaysbeforeyoucrossthestreet.

27.Ifyouhavefinishedyourhomework,youcouldhelpwithcleaningandcooking.

附：初二常見動詞過去式、過去分詞默寫表1.是am,is--2.是are--3.擊敗;敲打beat--4.成為/變成become--5.開始begin--6.吹;刮blow--7.折斷;打破break--8.帶來bring--9.建設(shè);建造build--10.買buy--11.能夠can--

12.抓/捉住;乘車catch-13.選擇;選choose--14.來come--15.值cost--16.切;割;砍cut--17.做do--18.繪畫;畫draw--19.喝drink--20.駕駛drive--21.吃eat--22.掉下;降落fall--23.感到;感覺feel--24.發(fā)現(xiàn);找到find--25.飛fly--26.忘記forget--27.取;獲得get--28.給give--29.去;走go--30.種植;成長grow--31.有/吃have/has--32.聽見hear--33.保持keep--34.知道;認(rèn)識know--35.學(xué)習(xí);學(xué)會learn-36.離開;落下leave--37.借出/給lend-38.讓let--39.位于lie--40.丟失lose--41.可以may--42.意味;意思mean---43.遇見/到meet--44.放put--45.讀read--46.騎ride--47.鈴響ring--48.跑run--49.說say--50.看見;看望see--51.賣sell--52.送send--53.將;應(yīng)該shall--54.照耀shine--55.唱sing--56.坐sit--57.睡覺sleep--58.聞;嗅smell--59.說;講speak--60.花費(fèi);度過spend--61.站stand--62.掃;拖地sweep--63.游泳swim--64.拿走;帶走take--

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