小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié)
語法及練習(xí)1be動(dòng)詞
Be動(dòng)詞的用法:
(1)Am--wasIs--wasAre--were口訣:我用am,你用are,is用在他她它,復(fù)數(shù)全用are。
(2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.
(3)一般疑問句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。
1.I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2.Thegirl______Jack"ssister.3.Thedog_______tallandfat.
4.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5.______yourbrotherintheclassroom?
6.Where_____yourmother?She______athome.7.How_______yourfather?
8.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.9.Whosedress______this?10.Whosesocks______they?
語法及練習(xí)2人稱代詞和物主代詞人稱代詞和物主代詞
1.人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別:主格通常位于句中第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞之前(有時(shí)候位于than之后),賓格一般位于動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。
2.物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別:形容詞性用時(shí)后面一般要帶上名詞,名詞性則單獨(dú)使用,后面不帶名詞。
一.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)2.Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)
3.Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)
4._________ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_________.(he)5._________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?(you)
語法及練習(xí)3名詞復(fù)數(shù)和動(dòng)詞三單一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds
2.以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v,再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese練習(xí):寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)。
I_________him_________this_______her______watch_______book_______
child_______photo________diary______day________foot________dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______yo-yo______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______paper_______people________二.動(dòng)詞三單的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks
2.以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,如:study-studies練習(xí):寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。
drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______carry____come________watch______plant_______fly________study_______brush________teach_______
語法及練習(xí)4一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如:Theskyisblue.天空是藍(lán)色的。
2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
1.be動(dòng)詞:主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:Iamaboy.我是一個(gè)男孩。
2.行為動(dòng)詞:主語+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如:WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,she,it)時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:MarylikesChinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化
1.be動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句:主語+be+not+其它。如:Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑問句:Be+主語+其它。如:-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I"mnot.特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句。如:Whereismybike?
2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句:主語+don"t(doesn"t)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如:Idon"tlikebread.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用doesn"t構(gòu)成否定句。如:Hedoesn"toftenplay.一般疑問句:Do(Does)+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。
如:-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。
如:-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn"t.特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句。如:Howdoesyourfathergotowork?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:
一、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?
語法及練習(xí)5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。
5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問詞不達(dá)意+be+主語+動(dòng)詞ing?但疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問詞不達(dá)意+be+動(dòng)詞ing?動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:make-making,taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running,stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí):
一、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空:
1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.
2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______(do)now?
5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.
語法及練習(xí)6將來時(shí)將來時(shí)一、概念:
表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu):①begoingto+do;②will+do.
三、否定句:在be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are)l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t。
例如:I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑問句:be或will提到句首,some改為any,and改為or,第一二人稱互換。
例如:Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、對(duì)劃線部分提問:一般情況,一般將來時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情況。
1.問人。Who例如:I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.
2.問干什么。What…do.例如:Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.
3.問什么時(shí)候。When.例如:She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同義句:begoingto=will
Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow(明天).=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.What___________(d0)youdolastSunday?I____________(pick)applesonafarm.What______________(do)nextSunday?I______________(milk)cows.2.Mary____________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.
3.LiuTao____________(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.4.David______________(give)apuppetshownextMonday.5.I________________(plan)formystudynow.
語法及練習(xí)7一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)
1.一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng);蚍磸(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。2.Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化:
⑴am和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(wasnot=wasn’t)⑵are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(werenot=weren’t)
⑶帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和is,am,are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。
3.句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子
否定句:didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形,如:Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑問句:在句首加did,句子中的動(dòng)詞過去式變回原形。如:DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑問句:⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形?如:WhatdidJimdoyesterday?
⑵疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí):疑問詞+動(dòng)詞過去式?如:Whowenttohomeyesterday?動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則:
1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled,cook-cooked2.結(jié)尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3.末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i,再加-ed,如:study-studied5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式:am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat過去時(shí)綜合練習(xí)
一、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.It______(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.2.Weall______(have)agoodtimelastnight.3.He________(jump)highonlastSportsDay.4.Helen________(milk)acowonFriday.
5.Shelikes______newspapers,butshe______abookyesterday.(read)
語法及練習(xí)8Therebe句型與have,hasTherebe句型與have,has的區(qū)別
1、Therebe句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在therebe句型中,主語是單數(shù),be動(dòng)詞用is;主語是復(fù)數(shù),be動(dòng)詞用are;如有幾件物品,be動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最*近be動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定。
3、therebe句型的否定句在be動(dòng)詞后加not,一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。
4、therebe句型與have(has)的區(qū)別:therebe表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人擁有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的運(yùn)用:some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑問句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的運(yùn)用:and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑問句。7、針對(duì)數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:Howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+arethere+介詞短語?Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+isthere+介詞短語?
8、針對(duì)主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:What’s+介詞短語?Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.____________atelescopeonthedesk.3.He_________atape-recorder.
4._____________abasketballintheplayground.5.She__________somedresses.6.They___________anicegarden.7.Whatdoyou___________?
8.______________areading-roominthebuilding?9.WhatdoesMike___________?
10.______________anybooksinthebookcase?11.Myfather_________astory-book.
12._______________astory-bookonthetable.13._______________anyflowersinthevase?
14.Howmanystudents____________intheclassroom?
擴(kuò)展閱讀:小學(xué)英語語法歸納總結(jié)
一、名詞
表示某一事物,有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
強(qiáng)調(diào):不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù),所以總是用is或者was;最好不要根據(jù)some、any、alotof等詞去作判
斷,以免受誤導(dǎo)。
1、可數(shù)名詞如何變—復(fù)數(shù)形式‖:
a.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds;讀音:清輔音后讀[s],濁輔音和
元音后讀[z]。
b.以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches;讀音:[iz]。c.以—輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries;讀音:[z]。d.以—f或fe‖結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v,再加-es,如:knife-knives,thief-thieves;讀音:[z]。e.以—o‖結(jié)尾的詞,分兩種情況
1)有生命的+es讀音:[z]如:mango-mangoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes2)無生命的+s讀音:[z]如:photo-photosradio-radios
f.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese
2、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)。如果要計(jì)算不可數(shù)名詞所表達(dá)的數(shù)量,就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上—量詞+of‖。例如:aglassofwater,apieceofpaper,abottleofjuice判斷步驟:
如是am、is或was→原形讀句子→讀該單詞→認(rèn)識(shí)該單詞→理解意思→看be動(dòng)詞如是are或were→加s或es練一練:
1、寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)。
I_________him_________this_______her______watch_______mango_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______engineer______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______leaf_______people________2、用所給名詞的正確形式填空。
(1)Aretheretwo(box)onthetable?(2)Icanseesome(people)inthecinema.(3)Howmany(day)arethereinaweek?
(4)Here’refive(bottle)of(juice)foryou.
(5)This(violin)ishers.Those(grape)areoverthere.
二、冠詞
冠詞是一種虛詞,不能獨(dú)立使用,通常放在名詞的前面,分為—不定冠詞‖和—定冠詞‖兩種。
1、不定冠詞:a、an。用在單數(shù)名詞前,表示—一個(gè),一件……‖。an用在以元音—音素‖開頭的單詞前。如:
ane-mail,anorange,anoldman,anEnglishwatch,anhour…
2、定冠詞:the。用在單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。the沒有具體意思,有時(shí)翻譯為這、那。它的基本用法:(1)用來表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:Themaponthewallisnew.(2)表示說話者雙方都知道的人或事物。如:Lookatthepicture,please.
(3)表示再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如:Thisisastamp.Thestampisbeautiful.(4)用在表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。如:thesun太陽themoon月亮theearth地球(5)用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如:theGreatWall長城(6)用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。如:theChangjiangRiver長江
(7)此外,序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、樂器名稱等詞前面和一些習(xí)慣用語中一般都用定冠詞the。如:thefirstday,thebestboy,playthepiano,inthesameclass確定用a、an還是the時(shí)可根據(jù)漢語意思。練一練:
1、用a或an填空。
____—U‖____ice-cream____goalkeeper____teapot____apple____office____Englishbook____umbrella____unit____hour2、根據(jù)需要,填寫冠詞a,an或the。(1)Whois____girlbehind____tree?
(2)____oldmanhastwochildren,____sonand____daughter.(3)Thisis____orange.____orangeisLucy’s.
(4)Helikesplaying____guitar.Wehave____samehobby.
(5)Weallhad____goodtimelastSunday.(6)Shewantstobe____doctor.
三,數(shù)詞
我們學(xué)過兩類:基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞;鶖(shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少,而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序,常在日期中出現(xiàn)。區(qū)別:基數(shù)詞前面沒有—the‖;序數(shù)詞前一定要有—the‖。1、超過二十以上的兩位數(shù)需要在個(gè)位和十位之間加上—-‖。如:21twenty-one2、三位數(shù)以上的則需要在百位數(shù)后再加上and。如:101a/onehundredandone
3、用基數(shù)詞來修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí),一定別忘了它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:十八個(gè)男孩eighteenboys4、用基數(shù)詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),如是復(fù)數(shù),變它的量詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如:兩碗米飯twobowlsofrice
5、序數(shù)詞一般加—th‖,特殊的有:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十:twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth…—第幾十幾‖:前面整十不變,后面—幾‖改為序數(shù)詞。如:88eighty-eighth練一練:
1、請(qǐng)翻譯下列短語。
(1)60名學(xué)生(2)15本英語書(3)九杯涼水(4)4個(gè)孩子(5)12月31(6)6月2日(7)第九周(8)40年前(9)11+7(10)上學(xué)第一天2、把下列基數(shù)詞改成序數(shù)詞。
one---two---three---nine---fourteen---twenty---thirty-five---eighty-one
四、代詞
代詞有兩種:人稱代詞和物主代詞。
1、人稱代詞分為:第一、第二、第三人稱,且有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。
2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語,一般用在動(dòng)詞前(疑問句除外);賓格在句中做賓語,多用于動(dòng)詞、介詞后。
3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用,后面一定要跟名詞,表示該名詞是屬于誰的。4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如:
Thisismybag.=Thisismine.Thatisherruler.=Thatishers.
一般看后面有沒有名詞,如有,就用形容詞性物主代詞;如無,就用名詞性物主代詞。請(qǐng)牢記下表:
人稱代詞物主代詞
練一練:
單數(shù)主格賓格形容詞性名詞性Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsits復(fù)數(shù)weusyouyouyouryourstheythemtheirtheirsourours1、按要求寫出相應(yīng)人稱代詞。
I(賓格)_______she(形容詞性物主代詞)_______we(名詞性物主代詞)_______he(復(fù)數(shù))_______us(單數(shù))_______theirs(主格)_______its(賓格)_______2、想一想,把下表補(bǔ)充完整。
人稱代詞單數(shù)主格第一人稱第二人稱youhe第三人稱
3、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1)Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)2)Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)
-4-
物主代詞復(fù)數(shù)賓格meheritthem主格you賓格us單數(shù)形容詞性his名詞性itstheir復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性our名詞性
3)Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)
4)_________ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_________.(he)5)_________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?(you)6)Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)
7)Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)
8)Arethese________tickets?No,________arenot_________.________aren’there.(they)9)Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_________classroom.(we)10)_________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?_________isanurse.(she)11)Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)12)Don’ttouch_________._________isnotacat,_________isatiger!(it)13)_________sisterisill.Pleasegoandsee_________.(she)14)Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)
五、形容詞、副詞
1、形容詞表示某一事物或人的特征,副詞表示某一動(dòng)作的特征。形容詞和副詞有三種形式:原形、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。比較級(jí):+er最高級(jí):the…+est
兩個(gè)重要特征:as……as中間一定用原形,than的前面一定要+er。2、形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的規(guī)則變化如下:
(1)一般直接+er。如:tall-taller,fast-faster單音節(jié)詞如果以-e結(jié)尾,只加-r。如:late-later(2)重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,須雙寫這個(gè)字母,再加-er。如:big-bigger,fat-fatter(3)以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i,再加-er。如:heavy-heavier,early-earlier(4)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí)應(yīng)在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成。如:beautiful-morebeautiful,careful-morecareful,quietly-morequietly,interesting-moreinteresting
(5)有些不規(guī)則變化的,須逐一加以記憶。如:good/wellbetter,bad/illworse,many/muchmore,farfarther/further,oldolder/elder…
練一練:
1、寫出下列形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)。
biggoodlongtalloldshortthinheavyyoungfat
lightstronghighfarlowearlylatewellfastslow
2、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Icanswimas_______(fast)asthefish,Ithink.2)Look!Hishandsare_______(big)thanmine.
3)Ithinkyoudothesethings_______(well)thanyourclassmates.4)Whosebagis_______(heavy),yoursormine?
5)DoesJimrunas_______(slow)asDavid?Yes,butMikeruns_______(slow)thanthem.6)Youhavesevenbooks,butIhave_______(many)thanyou.Ihaveten.7)Ijump_______(far)thansomeoftheboysinmyclass.8)I’mvery_______(thin),butshe’s_______(thin)thanme.9)Itgets_______and_______(warm)whenspringcomeshere.
六、介詞
1、一種虛詞。不能單獨(dú)作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語,才能在句子中起作用。有:in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,infrontof,outof,from…to…,atthebackof…
2、表示時(shí)間的介詞有:at,on,in。(1)at表示—在某一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上‖,或用在固定詞組中。如:atteno’clock,at9:30a.m.,atnight,attheweekend…(2)on表示—在某日或某日的時(shí)間段‖。如:onFriday,onthefirstofOctober,onMondaymorning…(3)in表示—在某一段時(shí)間(月份、季節(jié))里‖。如:intheafternoon,inSeptember,insummer,in201*…
3、in一詞還有其他的固定搭配,如:inblue(穿著藍(lán)色的衣服),inEnglish(用英語表達(dá)),takepartin(參加)。
練一練:
1、選用括號(hào)內(nèi)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1)What’sthis_______(at,on,in)English?
2)Christmasis_______(at,on,in)the25thofDecember.3)Theman_______(with,on,in)blackisSuHai’sfather.4)Hedoesn’tdowell_______(at,on,in)PE.5)Lookatthosebirds_______(on,in)thetree.
6)Wearegoingtomeet_______(at,on,in)thebusstop_______(at,on,in)halfpastten.7)Isthereacat_______(under,behind,in)thedoor?
8)Helen’swritingpaperis_______(in,infrontof)hercomputer.9)Welive_______(at,on,in)anewhousenow.10)Doesitoftenrain_______(at,on,in)springthere?
2、圈出下列句子中運(yùn)用不恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~,并將正確的答案寫在橫線上。
1)JimisgoodinEnglishandMaths.2)Thefilmswereinthegroundjustnow.
3)Theyaretalkingtotheirplans.4)HowmanystudentshavetheirbirthdaysonMay?5)Women’sDayisatthethirdofMarch.6)Icanjogtoschoolonthemorning.7)Didyouwatertreesatthefarm?8)CanyoucomeandhelpmeonmyEnglish?9)IusuallytakephotosinSundaymorning.10)WhatdidyoudoontheSpringFestival?
七、動(dòng)詞
這里所說的動(dòng)詞是指各種動(dòng)詞總稱,其中包括be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞(就是我們平時(shí)總說的那種動(dòng)詞)。
動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:
先用—一(量詞)‖(如:一個(gè)、一張等)和這個(gè)詞連起來說,如說得通,一般認(rèn)為是名詞;說不通再用—很‖去判斷,就是把—很‖和為個(gè)詞連起來說,說得通一般就是形容詞;都說不通就是動(dòng)詞。(目前我們學(xué)過的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明顯的,如人稱代詞、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等一下就可以知道)
1、be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are,was,were)
1)amwas,iswas,are--were口訣:我用am,你用are,is用在他她它,所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。
2)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.
3)一般疑問句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.
Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.
4)be動(dòng)詞的否定形式:amnot(沒有縮寫形式),arenot=aren’t,isnot=isn’t。
用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。練一練:
1、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1)I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2)Thegirl______Jack"ssister.
3)Thedog_______tallandfat.4)Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5)______yourbrotherintheclassroom?6)How_______yourfather?7)MikeandLiuTao______atschool.8)Whosedress______this?9)Whosesocks______they?10)Who______I?11)Thejeans______onthedesk.
12)Here______ascarfforyou.13)Here______somesweatersforyou.14)Theblackgloves______forSuYang.15)Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.16)Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.17)Sometea______intheglass.18)Gaoshan"sshirt_______overthere.19)Mysister"sname______Nancy.20)______DavidandHelenfromEngland?21)There______agirlintheroom.
22)There______someapplesonthetree.23)_______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?24)There_______somebreadontheplate.25)You,heandI______fromChina.26)There_______aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.
2、助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did)
do,does用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),其過去式did用于一般過去時(shí)。它們通常用在疑問句和否定句中。它們的否定形式:donot=don’t,doesnot=doesn’t,didnot=didn’t。
注意:在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,does用于第三人稱單數(shù),其余一律用助動(dòng)詞do;助動(dòng)詞do,does,did后面一定要用動(dòng)詞原形。練
1、用適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞填空。
1)______youlikethismagazine?2)Thegirl______likebreadforbreakfast.
3)---What______she______attheweekends?---Sheusuallyplaysgameswithherfriends.
4)---Wha______youdolastSunday?---Iwrotetomyfriend.5)---DidyouseeaBeijingopera?---No,I______.6)He______notvisitafarmlastNationalDayholiday.7)They______notlikeplayingvolleyball.
8)---______JimhaveapicnicwithhisfamilyeverySaturday?---Yes,he.9)______HelenandYangLinggotoschoolonfooteveryday?10)---Howmanykites______wehave?---Wehaveten.
2、找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤,將序號(hào)填入題前括號(hào)內(nèi),并改正。
()1)DidyouhadabiglunchwithyourfamilylastSpringFestival?ABC
()2)---Whatdotheboyhaveinhispencil-box?---Hehasarubber.ABC()3)Theydoesn’tlikethefilm.ABC()4)DoJimgetupatsixeveryday?ABC()5)Don"tgivingtheballtoLiuTao.ABC
3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是一類特殊的動(dòng)詞,平時(shí)我們不把它說成是動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以和行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。
我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might、must。注意:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響)
其否定形式:cannot=can’t,mustnot=mustn’t,…注意:maynot和shallnot(無縮寫形式)練一練:選擇填空。
()1)Thesignonthewallmeansyou______stayawayfromthebuilding.A.mustB.can’tC.shouldn"t
()2)Howmanybooks______youseeonthedesk?A.mayB.canC.should()3)Itmeansyou______makenoiseinthelibrary.A.shouldB..shouldn"tC.can
()4)---______youlikeaglassofmilk?---Yes,please.A.MayB.CouldC.Would()5)---______youseethesignoverthere?---Sorry,Ican’t.A.CanB.Can’tC.Should()6)______wegototheparkbybus?A.MayB.MustC.Shall
4、行為動(dòng)詞
就是我們平時(shí)上課時(shí)說的動(dòng)詞,表示某一動(dòng)作或行為。如:sweep、live等。行為動(dòng)詞我們已學(xué)過它們的四種形式:原形、第三人稱單數(shù)+s/es、現(xiàn)在分詞(也叫動(dòng)名詞)+ing、過去式+ed。(1)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則:
A、一般直接加—s‖,如:playplays,visitvisits,speakspeaks;
B、以—s‖,—x‖,—sh‖,—ch‖結(jié)尾時(shí),加—es‖,如:catchcatches,watchwatches;C、以—輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾時(shí),變—y‖為—i‖再加—es‖,如:carrycarries,studystudies。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞(動(dòng)名詞)構(gòu)成規(guī)則:
A、一般直接加—ing‖,如:gogoing,dodoing,looklooking;
B、以不發(fā)音的—e‖結(jié)尾的單詞,去—e‖加—ing‖,如:taketaking,makemaking,havehaving;C、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,需要雙寫這個(gè)字母再加—ing‖,如:
putputting,stopstopping,runrunning,getgetting,swimswimming,sitsitting,beginbeginning,jogjogging,forgetforgetting。(3)過去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則:
A、一般直接加—ed‖,如:plantplanted,visitvisited,pickpicked;
B、以不發(fā)音字母—e‖結(jié)尾,直接加—ed‖,如:likeliked,hopehoped,tastetasted;
C、以—輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾時(shí),變—y‖為—i‖再加—ed‖,如:trytried,carrycarried,studystudied;D、有些動(dòng)詞要雙寫最后一個(gè)字母,再加—ed‖,如:stopstopped;E、還有很多動(dòng)詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的,請(qǐng)記憶:
是-am(be)-was-being;是-are(be)-were-being;是-be-was,were-being;成為-become-became-becoming;開始-begin-began-beginning;彎曲-bend-bent-bending;吹-blow-blew-blowing;買-buy-bought-buying;能-can-could-----;捕捉-catch-caught-catching;選擇-choose-chose-choosing;來-come-came-coming;
切-cut-cut-cutting;做-do,does-did-doing;畫-draw-drew-drawing;飲-drink-drank-drinking;吃-eat-ate-eating;感覺-feel-felt-feeling;發(fā)現(xiàn)-find-found-finding;飛-fly-flew-flying;忘記-forget-forgot-forgetting;得到-get-got-getting;給-give-gave-giving;走-go-went-going;成長-grow-grew-growing;有-have,has-had-having;聽-hear-heard-hearing;受傷-hurt-hurt-hurting;保持-keep-kept-keeping;
知道-know-knew-knowing;學(xué)習(xí)-learn-learned,learnt-learning;允許,讓-let-let-letting;躺-lie-lay-lying;制造-make-made-making;可以-may-might----;意味-mean-meant-meaning;會(huì)見-meet-met-meeting;必須-must-must----;放置-put-put-putting;讀-read-read-reading;騎、乘-ride-rode-riding;
響、鳴-ring-rang-ringing;跑-run-ran-running;說-say-said-saying;看見-see-saw-seeing;將-shall-should----;唱歌-sing-sang-singing;坐下-sit-sat-sitting;睡覺-sleep-slept-sleeping;說-speak-spoke-speaking;度過-spend-spent-spending。
練一練:
1、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。
drink__________go____________stay__________make__________look__________have_________pass__________carry__________come___________watch__________plant_________fly________study________brush_________do___________teach____________take__________see__________
2、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。
put__________give__________fly_________get________dance________sit_________run________plant_________take___________swim_________ask___________stop__________take_________write__________have__________smoke_________think__________want__________tell__________
3、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式。
is\\am_________fly_______plant________are________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry___________ask________taste_________eat__________draw________put______throw________kick_________pass_______do________
4、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
(1)I______toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.Mybrotheroften_______toschoolwithme.Yesterdaywe_______toschooltogether.Welike________toschoolverymuch.(go)
(2)Theyusually_______lunchathome.Butlastweek,they____lunchatschool.(have)
(3)That______myEnglishbook.It_____new.Butnowit_____nothere.It______thereamomentago.(be)(4)Mysisterlikes________verymuch.Sheoften_______atourschoolfestival.Lastterm,she_______alotof
songsintheschoolhall.She_____beautifully.(sing)
(5)What_____heusually______onSunday?Heusually______hishomework.Look!
He__________hishomeworknow.______he_______hishomeworklastSunday?Yes,he_______.(do)
(6)Dopeopleusually_______mooncakesatMid-autumnFestival?Yes,theydo.Didyou_______mooncakeslastMid-autumnFestival?Yes,Idid.I_______alotofdeliciousmooncakes.(eat)
八、there/herebe結(jié)構(gòu)
1、therebe結(jié)構(gòu)表示—某時(shí)、某地存在著什么事物或人‖,包括thereis、thereare、therewas、therewere。herebe結(jié)構(gòu)與它類似,用法也完全相同,只不過是表示—這里存在著什么事物或人‖。2、和have、has、had的區(qū)別:
(1)Therebe句型表示:在某地有某物(或人);而have、has、had表示:某人擁有某物。(2)在therebe句型中,主語是單數(shù),be動(dòng)詞用is;主語是復(fù)數(shù),be動(dòng)詞用are;如有幾件物品,be動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最近be動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定—就近原則‖。
(3)therebe句型的否定句在be動(dòng)詞后加not,一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。
(4)therebe句型與have(has)的區(qū)別:therebe表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人擁有某物。
(5)some和any在therebe句型中的運(yùn)用:some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑問句。(6)and和or在therebe句型中的運(yùn)用:and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑問句。
(7)針對(duì)數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:Howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+arethere+介詞短語?Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+isthere+介詞短語?
(8)針對(duì)主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:What’s+介詞短語?
(9)Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)一般用在句子的開頭,而have等詞只能用于某一個(gè)主語后面。
練一練:
1、用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。
1)There______fourseasonsinayear.2)There______notanytreestwoyearsago.
3)---______thereapostofficenearyourschool?---Yes,there______.4)---Howmanystops______there?---There______onlyone.
5)There______notanystampsontheenvelope.6)______thereanybirdsinthetree?
7)There______ashoppingcentrenearourschoollastyear.Butnowthere______noone.8)There______onlythreeofus:mydad,mymumandme.9)Here______somebreadforyou.
10)InNewYork,there______alotofraininspring.
2、選用—have,has,had,thereis,thereare,therewas,therewere‖填空。
1)I______agoodfatherandagoodmother.2)______atelescopeonthedesk.3)He______atape-recorder.4)______abasketballintheplayground.5)They______anicegarden.6)Myfather______astory-booklastyear.7)______areading-roominthebuilding?8)WhatdoesMike______?
9)______anybooksinthebookcase?10)Howmanystudents______intheclassroom?11)______astory-bookonthetableamomentago.12)Whatdoyou______?
13)Myparents______somenicepictures.14)______somemapsonthewall.
15)______amapoftheworldonthewall.16)David’sfriends______sometents.17)__________manychildrenonthehill.
九、some,any的用法
some用于肯定句;any用于否定句和一般疑問句。請(qǐng)注意看例句后擴(kuò)號(hào)中說明的用法。例:Thereissomewaterintheglass.(肯定句)Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.(肯定句)Therearen’tanylampsinthestudy.(否定句)Arethereanymapsonthewall?(一般疑問句)
Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice?(希望得到肯定回答)Doyouwanttotakeanyphotosattheparty?(一般疑問句)
練一練:
選用some或any填空。
1)Thereisn’t______milkinthefridge.2)Icansee______cars,butIcan’tsee______buses.3)Hehas______friendsinEngland.4)Werethere______fruittreesonthefarm?5)Hereare______presentsforyou.6)DoesTomwanttotake______photos?
7)Isthere______riceinthekitchen?8)Thereare______newbuildingsinourschool.9)---Wouldyoulike______cakes?---No,I’dnotlike______cakes,butI’dlike______coffee.10)---Arethere______picturesonthewall?---No,therearen’t______pictures.
十、動(dòng)詞不定式
1、to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成一種非謂語形式,在這里不是介詞,無詞義。如:IwanttomakeaNewYearcard.我想制作一張新年賀卡。Wouldyouliketohaveapicnicwithus?你愿意和我們一起去野餐嗎?2、to保留原來動(dòng)詞的一些特征,它可以帶自己的賓語和狀語等。
如:Togettherefaster,youcantakebusNo.5.想快一點(diǎn)到那兒,你可以坐5路車。3、to前有時(shí)帶疑問詞what,when,where,which,why,how等。
如:He’saskingYangLinghowtogetthere.他正在問楊玲怎樣到達(dá)那里?偠灾,一定要記。簍o后面用動(dòng)詞原形。
練一練:
1、用擴(kuò)號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1)Peoplewouldlike________(go)tofarmsinthecountryside.2)It’stime________(have)lunch3)Iwant________(buy)somepresentsformyfriends.4)Thethiefbegan________(run).5)Pleaseshouwmehow________(go)totheshoppingcentre.6)Wouldyoulike________(join)us?
7)Don’tforget________(write)—HappyNewYear‖.8)Shewasveryglad________(see)them.
9)Pleaseremember________(close)thewindowsbeforeyougohome.10)I’msorry________(hear)that.2、圈出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤,并改正。
1)Wouldyoulikegocampingwithus?2)Helen,showuxhowdrawingasquare.3)Iwanttowritesalettertomypenfriend.4)It’stimeforusgotoschool.5)LiuTaowantstoshowingPeter’sphotostohismum.
十一、動(dòng)名詞
其實(shí)就是動(dòng)詞的—現(xiàn)在分詞‖。它既有—名詞性質(zhì)‖(可作主語),又具有動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)(可帶賓語)。如:Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom.還有我們的一些課題:Askingtheway中是—名詞性質(zhì)‖;Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.中是—?jiǎng)釉~性質(zhì)‖,帶了賓語stamps.
1、remember(記。┖竺娓鷦(dòng)名詞,表示—記得做過某事‖;跟to+動(dòng)詞原形,表示—記得要去做某事‖。如:
Irememberpostingthelettertoday.我記得今天把信寄走了。Pleaseremembertopostthelettertoday.請(qǐng)記住今天要把信寄走。
2、forget(忘記)后面跟動(dòng)名詞,表示—忘記做過某事(實(shí)際做過)‖;跟to+動(dòng)詞原形,表示—忘記去做某事(實(shí)際沒做)‖。如:
Iforgetdoinghomeworkthismorning.我忘記今天早上做過作業(yè)了。Iforgettodohomeworkthismorning.我忘記今天早上做作業(yè)了。
3、stop(停止)后面跟動(dòng)名詞,表示—停止做某事‖;跟to+動(dòng)詞原形,表示—停止正在做的事,而去做別的事‖。如:
Stopsmoking,please.請(qǐng)不要吸煙。
Wearetired.Let’sstoptohavearest.我們累了,讓我們停下來休息一下。
4、like(喜歡)后面跟動(dòng)名詞,表示一個(gè)人的愛好和習(xí)慣,意思是—喜歡干某事‖;跟to+動(dòng)詞原形,常用于wouldliketodosomething,表示—某人想要、愿意干某事‖。如:Iliketakingawalkaftersuppereveryday.我喜歡每天晚飯后去散步。Iwouldliketohavesomechips.我想要吃些薯?xiàng)l。練一練:
1、用擴(kuò)號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1)_________(swim)isnotasfastasrunning.2)It’ssunnytoday.Let’sgo_________(fish).
3)Doyoulike_________(read)Englishinthemorning?4)Areyougoodat_________(dance)?
5)Whereisthe_________(shop)centre?
6)Wouldyouliketogo_________(jog)withme?7)Myhobbyis_________(play)football.8)SuHailikes_________(watch)cartoonsonSundays.
2、選擇擴(kuò)號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1)I’msorry_________(hearing,tohear)that.2)Jimisgoodat_________(swimming,toswim).3)Shallwego_________(skating,toskate)?
4)Today,myworkis_________(looking,tolook)afterthebaby.5)I’mgoing_________(flying,tofly)akiteintheplayground.6)Ilike_________(playing,toplay)basketballafterschool.7)Wouldyoulike_________(going,togo)totheGreatWall?
8)JimisaskingLiuTaohow________(getting,toget)totheHistoryMuseum.
十二、時(shí)間和日期的表達(dá)
1、有兩種時(shí)間表達(dá)法:
A)直接讀寫數(shù)詞。如:9:15ninefifteen10:30tenthirty11:45elevenforty-five7:05sevenofive2:25twotwenty-five5:55fivefifty-five
B)借助past和to來表達(dá)。past一般用于30分鐘以內(nèi)(含30分鐘)的時(shí)間表達(dá);to一般用于超過30分鐘的時(shí)間表達(dá)。一刻鐘可以用aquarter表示,半小時(shí)可以用half表示。如:9:15aquarterpastnine10:30halfpastten11:45aquartertotwelve7:05fivepastseven2:25twenty-fivepasttwo5:55fivetosix注意:詢問時(shí)間可用句型—What’sthetime?‖或者—Whattimeisit?‖。
2、日期的表達(dá):the+序數(shù)詞+of+月份。如:thethirdofJune六月三日注意:詢問日期可用句型—Whatdateisittoday?‖或者—What’sthedatetoday?‖。
練一練:
1、用兩種方法表達(dá)下列時(shí)間。
6:451:589:053:22
5:508:302、用英語表達(dá)下列日期。
五月一日九月十日三月八日四月五日七月九日八月三日一月十五日六月二日十二月二十五日3、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換,每空一詞。
1)---What’sthetime?---It’selevenforty-five.---___________isit?---It’s___________.2)It’ssevenofive.It’stimeforbreakfast.It’s___________.It’stime___________.3)---What’sthedatetoday?---It’s1stOctober.---___________isittoday?---It’s___________
十三、名詞所有格
1、有生命的名詞所有格:
A)單數(shù)后加—’s‖,如:SuHai’stwinsister蘇海的雙胞胎妹妹Jim’sfamily吉姆的一家B)以—s‖結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只需加—’‖,如:Teachers’Day教師節(jié)thetwins’parentsC)不以—s‖結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則仍需加—’s‖,如:Children’sDay兒童節(jié)
注意:表示兩人或幾人共有的物品,只需在最后一人名后加—’s‖,如:BenandJim’sbook
2、無生命的名詞所有格,一般與—of‖構(gòu)成短語。如:
aphotoofhisfamily他家的一張照片thecolourofherskirt她的短裙的顏色
練一練:翻譯下列詞組:
大衛(wèi)的叔叔我妹妹的郵票
婦女節(jié)老師們的辦公室
他筆友的信這本書的名字雙胞胎的書房孩子們的愛好郵局的大門
十四、句子的種類
類別例句用法描述一件事情或陳述句肯定Thisisabag.Ilikespring.者說明說話人的看法類別例句用法描述一件事情或陳述句標(biāo)點(diǎn).標(biāo)點(diǎn)否定Ican’tseeabagoverthere.Idon"tknow.者說明說話人的看法Areyouastudent?Doyoulike.一般puppets?CanyouspeakEnglish?when什么時(shí)間;who誰;whose誰的;where在哪里;which哪一個(gè);why為什么;what疑問句特殊什么;whattime什么時(shí)間;whatcolour什么顏色;whatabout……怎么樣;whatday星期幾;whatdate什么日期;whatfor為何目的;how怎樣;howold多大歲數(shù);howmany數(shù)量多少;howmuch多少錢;howabout……怎么樣;howfar多遠(yuǎn)選擇反意肯定Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?It’safineday,isn’tit?Putithere.Don’tlookatthenoticeboard.Howsmartthescarfis!Whatasmart-18-
用于提出問題?祁使句表示命令、建議或請(qǐng)求否定感嘆句.或!表示驚訝、喜悅、?
scarf!Howsmartthescarvesare!Whatsmartscarves!
贊美、厭惡或憤怒等強(qiáng)烈感情練一練:
1、填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~。
1)_______walletisit?It’smine.
2)_______istheChristmasDay?It’sonthe25thofDecember.3)_______isthediary?It’sunderthechair.4)_______istheboyinblue?He’sMike.
5)_______aretheearphones?Theyare25yuan.6)_______isthehairdryer?It’sblue.7)_______isittoday?It’sSunday.
8)_______wasityesterday?Itwasthe13thofOctober.9)_______thisredone?It’sbeautiful.
10)_______isitfromhere?It’sabout2kilometresaway.
11)A:CanIhavesomepaperandsomecrayons?B:_______?A:Iwanttomakeakite.12)_______isyourcousin?He’s15yearsold.13)_______doyouhavedinner?At6o’clock.
14)_______oneisfatter,theblueoneortheredone?Theblueone.
2、對(duì)劃線部分提問。
1)Icanseeeightrubbersinthebox.
_____________________can_______seeinthebox?2)Myfatherisfinetoday.____________yourfathertoday?
3)LiuTaoisplayingfootballintheplayground.___________LiuTao_______intheplayground?4)Thefilmswereontheground.
______________thefilms?
5)Thegirlwithbigeyesismysister’sfriend.___________________sister’sfriend?6)Mybirthdayisonthe9thofSeptember.____________yourbirthday?7)I’dlikeanicecakeforbreakfast.___________________likeforbreakfast?8)That’sNancy’sskirt.______________isthat?
3、按要求改寫句子。
1)It’sabook.(改為一般疑問句)___ita_______?
2)Myfatherisinthestudy.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)_______is_______father?
3)DoyouwatchTVeverySunday?(做肯定回答)_______,I_______.
4)Thispictureisbeautiful.(改為以what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句)What_____________picture!
5)Openthedoorforhim.(改為否定句)_______open______for_______!6)Ihaveabigpresent.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)_______doyou_______?
肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答
Heisrunningnow.Heisn’trunningnow.---Isherunningnow?---Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.
Theyaremakingapuppet.Theyaren’tmakingapuppet.---Aretheymakingapuppet?---Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
7)Therearesomeorangetrees.(改為單數(shù)句子)There______________orange_______.
8)wearegoingtoseeaBeijingopera.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)What_______you___________do?
9)Hehassomequestions.(改為一般疑問句)_______he______________questions?
10)TheyvisitedtheirrelativesandfriendslastSpringFestival.(改為一般疑問句)_____they_______theirrelativesandfriendslastSpringFestival?
十五、時(shí)態(tài)
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
A、當(dāng)謂語是be動(dòng)詞時(shí),構(gòu)成為:主語+be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are)+其他。如:Iamastudent.B、當(dāng)謂語是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),構(gòu)成有兩種:
(1)主語(非第三人稱單數(shù))+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。如:WeoftenwatchTVattheweekends.(2)主語(第三人稱單數(shù))+動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式+其他。如:JimusuallygoestotheparkonSundays.C、句型變換:
肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答
TheywatchTVatsixeveryday.Theydon’twatchTVatsixeveryday.---DotheywatchTVatsixeveryday.---Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.
ShewatchesTVatsixeveryday.Shedoesn’twatchTVatsixeveryday.---DoesshewatchTVatsixeveryday.---Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.肯定句TheywatchTVatsixeveryday.否定句Theydon’twatchTVatsixeveryday.一般疑問句及回答---DotheywatchTVatsixeveryday.---Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.---DoesshewatchTVatsixeveryday.---Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.ShewatchesTVatsixShedoesn’twatchTVateveryday.sixeveryday.
練一練:
A、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1)Heoften______(have)dinnerathome.2)DanielandTommy______(be)inClassOne.3)We______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4)Nick______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5)____they______(like)theWorldCup?6)There(be)somewaterinthebottle.7)____yourparents_____(read)newspaperseveryday?8)Mike______(like)cooking.
9)Youalways______(do)yourhomeworkwell.10)They______(have)thesamehobby.11)Myaunt______(look)afterherbabycarefully.12)LiuTao______(do)notlikePE.13)SheandI______(take)awalktogethereveryevening.
B、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句子,每空一詞。
1)Tomlikesplayingbasketballwithhisfriends.(改成否定句)Tom___________playingbasketballwithhisfriends.
2)David’sparentsoftentakeawalkaftersupper.(改為一般疑問句并作出否定回答)---______David’sparentsoften______awalkaftersupper?---No,____________.3)TheyusuallywatchTV.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)____________theyusually______?
4)Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改為一般疑問句并作出肯定回答)---_________alwaysa______student?---______,____________.5)SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改為否定句)SimonandDaniel____________going______.
2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
A、構(gòu)成形式:主語+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的ing形式+其他。
B、判斷依據(jù):句中往往有now、look、listen等詞。注意:千萬不要忘了一定得有be動(dòng)詞。C、句型變換:練一練:
A、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。
1)Theboy____________(draw)apicturenow.
2)What______you______(do)now?
3)Listen.Somegirls____________(sing)intheclassroom.4)Mymother____________(cook)somenicefoodnow.5)Look.They____________(have)anEnglishlesson.6)They____________(notwater)theflowersnow.7)Look!thegirls____________(dance)intheclassroom.
8)Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She____________(listen)tomusic.9)______Helen______(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.
B、根據(jù)中文,完成句子,每空一詞。
1)劉濤的父親正在澆花。LiuTao’sfatheris____________.
2)看,孩子們正在操場上踢足球。Look!Thechildren__________________intheplayground.3)她正在公園里散步嗎?是的。---_____she______awalkinthepark?---Yes,she______.4)Jack正在哪讀書?在他書房。
---____________Jack______thebooknow?---Heis__________________.
3、一般過去時(shí)
A、構(gòu)成形式:主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式+其他。
注意:沒有be動(dòng)詞的否定句和疑問句中,用didn’t否定和用did提問后,動(dòng)詞一定要用原形。
B、判斷依據(jù):(1)be動(dòng)詞是was、were;(2)動(dòng)詞加ed;(3)有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的常用的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語有:justnow,amoment,yesterday,lastweek,lastnight,lastweekend,lastyear,lastmonth,threedaysago,twoweeksago,fiveyearsago…
C、句型變換:
肯定句Iwasateacherfiveyearsago.否定句Iwasn’tateacherfiveyearsago.一般疑問句及回答---Wereyouateacherfiveyearsago?---Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.Didtheyplaymanygamesyesterday?Yes,theydid./No,theydidn’t.TheyplayedmanygamesTheydidn’tplaymanyyesterday.
gamesyesterday.練一練:
A、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1)It_____(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.2)Weall_____(have)agoodtimelastnight.3)He_____(jump)highonlastSportsDay.4)Helen_____(milk)acowonFriday.5)Shelikes_____newspapers,butshe_____abookyesterday.(read)6)He_____footballnow,butthey_____basketballjustnow.(play)7)Jim’smother_____(plant)treesjustnow.
8)_____they_____(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____.9)I_______(watch)acartoononMonday.10)We_____(go)toschoolonSunday.
B、按要求改寫句子。
1)Myfathercametotheshopjustnow.(改為否定句)Myfather__________totheshopjustnow.
2)IwatchedTVlastnight.(改為一般疑問句,并作否定回答)---_____you_____TVlast_____?---_____,__________.3)Theirteachertoldthemastoryyesterday.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)__________theirteacher_____themyesterday?4)TheywereonthefarmlastSaturday.(改為否定句)They_____onthefarmlastSaturday.
5)DavidandLiuTaodidtheirhomeworktogetheramomentago.(改為一般疑問句)_____DavidandLiuTao__________homeworktogether__________.
4、一般將來時(shí)
A、構(gòu)成形式:(1)主語+begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。(2)主語+will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。B、判斷依據(jù):一個(gè)句子中既有be動(dòng)詞,又有g(shù)oing、to和動(dòng)詞,且動(dòng)詞用的是原形,句中往往有tomorrow、soon、nextweek等詞。C、句型變換:肯定句Sheisgoingtohaveapicnictomorrow.否定句Sheisn’tgoingtohaveapicnictomorrow.一般疑問句及回答---Isshegoingtohaveapicnictomorrow?---Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.TheyaregoingtovisittheirgrandparentsnextSunday.Theyaren’tgoingtovisittheirgrandparentsnextSunday.--AretheygoingtovisittheirgrandparentsnextSunday?---Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
注意:---Whereareyougoing?---We’regoingtoBeijing.問句中不要用到to。
練一練:
A、根據(jù)中文,完成句子,每空一詞。1)我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_______________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.或者:I_____haveapicnicwithmyfriends.
2)下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打籃球。
---What____________________nextMonday?---I___________playbasketball.或者:---What_____youdonextMonday?---I_____playbasketball.3)你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購物嗎?是,她要去買一些水果。---_____yourmother__________goshoppingthis_____?---Yes,she_____.She_____buysomefruit.4.)你們打算什么時(shí)候見面?
Whattime_____you__________meet?
B、改寫句子。
1)Nancyisgoingtogocamping.(改否定句)Nancy_____goingtogocamping.2)I’llgoandjointhem.(改否定句)I_____go_____jointhem.
3)I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.(改一般疑問句)_______________togetupat6:30tomorrow?
4)Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.(改一般疑問句)__________meetatthebusstopat10:30?
5)Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)__________she_______________afterschool?
時(shí)態(tài)綜合練一練:(每空根據(jù)需要可以填多個(gè)詞)
1、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1)Todayisasunnyday.We_______________(have)apicnicthisafternoon.2)Mybrother__________(go)toShanghainextweek.
3)Tomoften_________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He_____(go)toschoolbybike.
4)Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually_____(watch)TVand_____(catch)insects?5)It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_____(do)thisweekend?She_____(watch)TVand_____(catch)insects.
6)What_____(do)youdolastSunday?I_____(pick)applesonafarm.What_____(do)nextSunday?I__________(milk)cows.7)Mary__________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.8)LiuTao__________(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.9)David__________(give)apuppetshownextMonday.
10)I__________(plan)formystudynow.
2、根據(jù)中文,完成句子,每空一詞。
1)楊玲正在問高山一些關(guān)于公共標(biāo)志的問題。
YangLingis_____GaoShansome__________about_______________.2)David最喜愛的科目是英語。_____Favouritesubject_______________.3)誰跑得快,男孩還是女孩?Who__________,theboysorthegirls?4)我父親每天起床都很早,鍛煉身體。
Myfather_____up_____and_____someexerciseeveryday.5)你們有什么愛好?他喜歡集郵,我喜歡聽音樂。
---What_____your_____?---He__________stampsandIlike__________tomusic.6)昨天我們想去參觀博物館,可不認(rèn)識(shí)去的路。我們就問了一個(gè)警察,他告訴了我們路線。We_____to_____themuseum,butwe_____know_______________there.We_____apoliceman,andhetold_____theway.7)Nancy將在音樂會(huì)上演奏鋼琴嗎?
_____Nancy_____to_____the__________theconcert?8)我們開始上課好嗎?誰來讀生詞?_____we_____ourlessonnow?
_____would_____to_____the_____word?
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