201*考研英語:開頭和結(jié)尾寫作方法總結(jié)
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201*考研英語:開頭和結(jié)尾寫作方法總結(jié)
考研英語中最讓人頭疼,又是提分最快的莫過于寫作了,因此,掌握一定的寫作方法能夠起到事半功倍的效果。下面是作文主題句的剖析。希望對考生有所幫助。1.文章開頭的寫法(1)引言法
在文章開頭引用具有代表性的名人名言,既可吸引讀者,又可以點(diǎn)題。如:"Bethefirsttobeconcernedwiththeworld"stroublesandthelasttoenjoyworldly
happiness."FanZhongyan,ascholaroftheSongDynasty,expresseseloquentlytheloftyspiritofChineseintellectualsinhismaxim.OnrealizingthatthecauseofChina"slackofdevelopmentwasitsbackwardnessinscienceandtechnology,manymodernscholarsaccordinglywenttoWesterncountriestostudy.
本段以"先天下之憂而憂,后天下之樂而樂"引出主旨,給人以深刻的印象。(2)提問法
如:Whyareforeignerssogladthatbarriershavebeendismantled?Chinahasapopulationof1.2billion,andUS$1000billionofGDP.Itisacountrywithoneofthefastesteconomicgrowthratesintheworld.China"sentryintotheWTOwillthereforeenablealleconomicentitiesintheworldtoexpandtradeandinvestment,bringingbenefitstoenterprises,consumersandworkersinthesecountries.(3)數(shù)據(jù)引用
引用恰當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)據(jù),使文章開頭簡潔、有力。對于表格式作文,常從描述、分析表格入手。如:
Itisreportedthatfrom1995to1998,thenumberofcarsinShanghairoseattherateof20%,buttheaveragespeedofcarsdroppedattherateof30%.Itshouldbenoticedthat43%ofaddedcarsduringtheperiodof1995~1998isprivatecars.Thereforesomepeoplepointoutthatthemosteffectivewaytosolvethetrafficproblemistobanprivatecars.ButIthinktheyhavegoneextremelyfaraway.
本段通過引用數(shù)據(jù)對私車增多及車速下降這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的描述。通過分析,作者自然地引出觀點(diǎn):完全禁止私車是偏激的做法。(4)概要法
開門見山,首先提出文章的主要觀點(diǎn),然后通過舉例或邏輯推理等方法加以詳述。如:
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Thisreportisdividedintothreemainsections:whatequipmentyouneed,howtouseequipment,andhowtomaintainequipment.2.文章結(jié)尾的寫法(1)總結(jié)法
總結(jié)式結(jié)尾的作用在于回顧全文、突出中心,使讀者對文章形成一個(gè)整體的把握。要想寫好總結(jié)式結(jié)尾,就要求文章內(nèi)容本身重點(diǎn)突出、中心明確,這樣回顧起來才有點(diǎn)可抓。在寫總結(jié)式結(jié)尾時(shí),對于論證中提到的要點(diǎn)應(yīng)該點(diǎn)到為止,而重在重申論點(diǎn)。如:
Onthewhole,lifeinChinahasbecomebetterafter30years,Ordinarypeoplenowenjoyamorecolorfullifethanbefore.Thoughsomeproblemshavearisenintheprogress,westillcan"tdenythispositivetrend.(2)建議法
針對文章前面的分析,提出相對應(yīng)的號召或解決方案,表示對將來的期待或鼓動(dòng)大家采取相應(yīng)的行動(dòng)。如:
Itisessentialthateffectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoredresssuchinequality.Itishightimethatweshouldurgeanimmediateendtothisphenomenon.(3)反問法
在末尾加上反問,可使文章引人思考。如:
Psychologicalhealthoftheyouthshouldbeconcernedbyoursociety.Onbeingadvisedbyhisschoolthatheshouldleaveafterfailingseveralexams,aBeijinguniversitystudentdecidedtocommitsuicide,butfirstkilledhisfatherandgrandmothersoastosparetheirgriefathisowndeath.A13-year-oldSichuanProvincegirlranawayfromhomerecentlyinpursuitofherfavoritemoviestar,andhasnotbeenseensince.Isn"tthereanythingwrongwithpsychologicalhealthoftheyouth?
用反問句加深主題:年輕人的心理健康有些問題,應(yīng)該得到更多關(guān)注。(4)引語法
用引語歸結(jié)全文,有畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用,使文章既生動(dòng),又有說服力。如:Allofuswishforabrightfutureandhopetomasterausefulcareer.Thosewhopersistinremainingidlewillneverfulfilltheirambitions,"Nopains,nogains"isamottowithmuchmeaning.Meditateandlivebyit.
以"不勞不得"做總結(jié),很好地歸納了上文,給人以警示。
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(5)首尾呼應(yīng)法
在首尾兩處點(diǎn)題,可以使段落的中心突出。如:
China"sreformshavebroughtChinaalotofbenefitsandhavechangedChinesepeople"slifeagreatdeal.Alivelyatmospherehasprevailedinallwalksoffieldsthroughoutthecountry.Thenationaleconomyhasbeenthrivingandnationaldefensehaseverbeenconsolidated.Inscienceandtechnology,quitealotofachievementshavebeenmade.Certainly,theprogressmadeinallfieldshasledtotheraiseoflivingstandardforChinesepeople.
首尾均強(qiáng)調(diào)了一系列有利于社會(huì)進(jìn)步的改革給中國人的生活帶來的改變,重點(diǎn)突出。
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擴(kuò)展閱讀:201*考研英語作文精彩開頭及結(jié)尾
常用開頭:
1)Some(people)argue/claim/believe/holdthat……Butothersset(put)forthadifferentargumentabout/oppositiveviewsonthematterinquestion.
(e.g.SomeclaimthatsettingofffirecrackersisagoodpracticeofcelebratingtheSpringFestival.……Butothersputforthoppositeviewsontheproblem.)
2)Some(people)advocate/endorse/favor/arefor(或oppose/objectto/areagainst)……Yetothersstickto/holdonto/clingtotheoppositeviews/argument/points.
(e.g.Someadvocatechangesintendedtomodernizethebuildingcode.……Yetothersholdontotheoppositeviews.)
3)Tosomepeople""smind/Fromsomepeople""spointofview/Intheeye(s)ofsomepeople,thematterinquestionis/seems/shouldbe/means……Buttoothers""mind/fromothers""pointofview/inothers""eyes,itisjust/quitetheotherwayaround/contrary/opposite(或theopposite/reverseisthecase/true.)
(e.g.Tosomepeople""smind,readingshouldbedoneinaselectiveway.……Buttoothers"",itisjusttheotherwayaround.)
4)Some(people)respond/reactto……by……Butothersbehave/actintheotherdirection/intheoppositeway.
(e.g.Somepeoplerespondtofailurebyremaininginactiveoravoidingit……Butothersbehaveintheoppositeway.)
5)Sometaketheviewthat……And/Butontheotherhand,othersarguefortheoppositeviewthat……
(e.g.Someareoftheviewthatinstitutionsmouldcharacters.……Andontheotherhand,othersarguefortheoppositeviewthatcharacterstransforminstitutions.)
常用結(jié)尾:
1)Onlyinthisway/Onlywhen……/Onlythrough……will/canwe……或:Itisonlyif/when……thatwewill……
(e.g.Itisonlyifallsidesofsocietytaketheirrolesfullythatwewillachievethesocietywewant.)
2)As/Solongas……wewillbeableto……/theproblemisboundto……
(e.g.Aslongaswepersistinspreadingscientificknowledgeamongthemasses,allthesuperstitionsareboundtogooutofourlife.)
3)Foranyplacethat……/Foranyonewho……thereisevery/noreason/chanceto……
(e.g.Foranygovernmentthatdevotesitselftonourishinghonestyamongitsofficials,thereiseveryreasontobidaneternalfarewelltocorruption.)
4)Inshort/brief/oneword/sum,onceweareonthewayto……,thechanceofachieving/makingitwillincrease/growgreater/cometoouradvantage.A
(e.g.Inshort,onceourcountryisonthewaytoclearingcorruptdealingsoutoftheParty,thechanceofmakingitwillcometothepeople""sadvantage.)
5)Thequotations/remarksfromsb.(或Thepopularsaying/maxim/proverb)……maybeabetter/surecure/remedyfor……(或……sound/practical/sensible/well-weightedadviceonhowto……)
(e.g.TheoldsayingLazinessinyouthspellsregretinoldagemaybesensibleadviceonhowtocherishtheyearsofyouth.)
6)Andworstofall/bestofall,ithas/will/wouldeffect(ed)themostunfavorable/favorablechangein……
(e.g.Andworstofall,theofficialcorruptionhaseffectedthemostunfavorablechangeinthepeople""sattitudetowardsthegovernment.
7)Asanothersevereshock(genuinecomfort)tothepeople/society/Asthemostdestructive/pushingeffecton……(ourlife),ithaspermeatedamongthepeople/throughoursocialsoil/throughoutthewholecountry(或hasmelted/penetratedinto/beenrootedin(the)Chinesesoil(inthepeople""sminds)。A
(e.g.Asthedestructiveeffectonournation,hishereticalideashavebeenrootedinmanypeople""sminds.)
8)Asa(n)sensational/unexpectedresultof……,moreandmorepeoplehavecome/got/begunto……A
(e.g.Asanunexpectedresult/consequenceofthepatrioticeducation,moreandmorepeoplehavecometoregain/restoretheirsenseofjustice.)
9)Toone""sgreatestastonishment/delight,sth.hasaffected……tothepointof……
(e.g.Toourgreatestastonishment,thecorruptionhasaffectedthesocietytothepointofthreateningitspoliticalstability.)
10)Themostobvious/directresult/consequenceitproduces/bringsaboutis……
(e.g.Themostobviousresulttheeconomicreformshaveproducedisthewaythepeopleliveandthink.)
11)Withaconstant/steadyimprovementin……(或Withthegradualworseningof……)sth.will……
(e.g.developtoone""sadvantage)A
(e.g.Withasteadyimprovementinitsadministration,thenew-bornthingwillflourishonChinesesoil.)
12)In(the)courseoftime/Inalongrun(thelongterm),sth.ismorelikely/believed/bound/sureto……
(e.g.Inalongrun,thepracticeofbirthcontrolisbelievedtodoagreatbenefittothefutureofChina.)
13)Inspiteofthefactthat……(或Although……),sth.will(not)……inour/one""sassiduous/conscious/consistentefforts.A
(e.g.Inspiteofthefactthattheirisnohopeofattainingthefinalgoalatonego,thisreformwillbespreadingfarandwideinourconsistentefforts.)
14)Inaword,thereisevery/littlechance/probability/possibilitythat.……intimetocome.A
(e.g.Inoneword,thereiseverychancethatthiswisemoveineconomicconstructionwillacquireabroadersignificanceintimetocome.)
15)Anything(anyone)that(who)……willhaveto……
(e.g.ThosewhohaveastrongbiasagainsttheChinesenation(will)havetotreatherwithincreasedrespect.)
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