水泥銷售調(diào)研報(bào)告(201*.6.21)
水泥銷售調(diào)研報(bào)告
近期,水泥廠市場(chǎng)調(diào)研小組對(duì)周邊水泥市場(chǎng)行情進(jìn)行了深入調(diào)研,這次調(diào)研的對(duì)象是周邊地區(qū)如宣城南陵等市場(chǎng),調(diào)研目的是通過上門訪談、電話咨詢的方式了解各家水泥廠家的P.O42.5、P.S32.5銷售價(jià)格和價(jià)格走勢(shì)以及他們的銷售策略,F(xiàn)將調(diào)研結(jié)果分析和建議匯報(bào)如下:
一、對(duì)調(diào)研走訪的幾家水泥廠水泥產(chǎn)品價(jià)格與我廠水泥進(jìn)行分析比較:品種區(qū)域白馬海螺蕪湖海螺龍?jiān)鹦?2.5級(jí)新價(jià)格袋裝42041032.5級(jí)新價(jià)格袋裝360350優(yōu)惠政策備注42.5散裝合同價(jià)345元/噸,現(xiàn)金優(yōu)惠18,月提量4000噸以上的客戶優(yōu)惠20元/噸價(jià),價(jià)格為310元/噸,沒有大戶價(jià)了。42.5散裝合同價(jià)335元/噸,現(xiàn)金優(yōu)惠18,月提量4000噸以上的客戶優(yōu)惠20元/噸價(jià),價(jià)格為300元/噸,沒有大戶價(jià)了。達(dá)500噸優(yōu)惠10元/噸,大客戶價(jià)265元/噸。32.5級(jí)散現(xiàn)金235。42.5級(jí)散250元/噸為攪拌站價(jià)格,下調(diào)45元/噸42.5散裝送到蕪湖280元/噸,實(shí)際出廠價(jià)240-250元/噸。32.5級(jí)散大客戶240元/噸42.5散裝到江南一般客戶300元/噸,大客戶合同價(jià)240元/噸.,32.5級(jí)散大客戶240元/噸下調(diào)15元/噸。散裝355345285250散裝310310245江北中材325290275300265江北鐵鵬290260金刀水泥馬鋼水泥3102452701、從春節(jié)開始,水泥產(chǎn)業(yè)一直處在僵持的膠著狀態(tài),5月初的一次降價(jià),直接導(dǎo)致市場(chǎng)開始進(jìn)一步往下走。到六月份,水泥行情繼續(xù)低迷,水泥前期積累的產(chǎn)能釋放,大大超出預(yù)期和市場(chǎng)的消化能力。
在這次走訪中,海螺水泥散布了近期要下調(diào)水泥價(jià)格的話語(yǔ),到時(shí)水泥市場(chǎng)將處在水深火熱之中,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)將更加殘酷。
2、因蕪湖區(qū)域的海螺通過停產(chǎn)穩(wěn)住價(jià)格,目前蕪湖地區(qū)的水泥價(jià)格和其他區(qū)域的價(jià)格相比還處在較高點(diǎn)。這也導(dǎo)致低價(jià)格區(qū)域的水泥流向蕪湖市場(chǎng),致使蕪湖水泥市場(chǎng)比較混亂,蕪湖四十幾家混凝土攪拌站使用水泥品牌多,價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈,這也正是海螺為了保市場(chǎng)不得不降價(jià)的主要原因。
3、中材金龍42.5級(jí)水泥到蕪湖市場(chǎng)的運(yùn)費(fèi)為45元/噸,到蕪湖總價(jià)為275-285元/噸;馬鋼42.5級(jí)水泥到蕪湖的運(yùn)費(fèi)為25-30元/噸,到蕪湖的工地價(jià)為290-300元/噸,高出15元/噸左右,價(jià)格上的劣勢(shì)致使一些使用我廠水泥的高端客戶在不斷流失。
二、調(diào)研結(jié)果與分析:
1、通過這次調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn),我們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手在不斷增加,從以前的海螺、龍?jiān)约胺辈h境內(nèi)的其他水泥廠家逐漸增加了中材贏浦金龍水泥、巢湖鐵道部水泥、以及長(zhǎng)江上游如湖北等低價(jià)位區(qū)域的水泥企業(yè)。贏浦金龍水泥擁有2條日產(chǎn)5000噸水泥熟料生產(chǎn)線,兩條4.2×13米的水泥磨,年產(chǎn)360萬(wàn)噸熟料,250萬(wàn)噸水泥。巢湖鐵道部水泥擁有日產(chǎn)201*、2500噸、5000噸水泥熟料生產(chǎn)線各一條,年產(chǎn)商品熟料及水泥500萬(wàn)噸。這兩家水泥產(chǎn)品-P.O42.5級(jí)散裝水泥目前正通過低價(jià)滲透策略慢慢蠶食我們水泥用戶混凝土攪拌站,導(dǎo)致一些使用我廠水泥客戶已經(jīng)或正要購(gòu)買其水泥,嚴(yán)重影響了我廠水泥銷售。
2、在周邊地銷市場(chǎng)上,馬鋼P(yáng).SA32.5級(jí)水泥憑著早期強(qiáng)度高、質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定等產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn),在周邊中低端市場(chǎng)信譽(yù)度較好,銷售量也一直很穩(wěn)定。但在這次市場(chǎng)調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn),我們的P.SA32.5級(jí)水泥市場(chǎng)用戶也在不斷流失,除了海螺水泥外部市場(chǎng)流入的原因之外,另一個(gè)原因是在夏秋兩季馬鋼P(yáng).SA32.5級(jí)水泥早期強(qiáng)度高的優(yōu)勢(shì)不明顯,加上周邊小水泥廠的32.5級(jí)水泥產(chǎn)品價(jià)格存在近50元/噸左右的價(jià)差,所以一些磚廠從成本上考慮,在使用一些小廠32.5級(jí)水泥。三、水泥產(chǎn)品銷售工作建議:
從目前水泥價(jià)格行情來(lái)看,形式嚴(yán)峻。馬鋼水泥要想在如此競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的市場(chǎng)生存下去,在積極維護(hù)現(xiàn)有客戶關(guān)系的前提下,應(yīng)及時(shí)靈活調(diào)整銷售策略和銷售價(jià)格,來(lái)擺脫我們目前的銷售困境。
根據(jù)以上分析,調(diào)研組建議:
在目前市場(chǎng)狀況下,42.5級(jí)水泥銷售應(yīng)綜合考慮中材金龍、巢湖鐵鵬水泥的價(jià)格,另加大P.SA32.5水泥銷售力度,拓展新市場(chǎng),如宣城、南陵等區(qū)域。以應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng),保證產(chǎn)銷平衡。
二一二年六月二十五日
擴(kuò)展閱讀:kevin25~62(201*.6.21)
25
.201*年第四篇文章:
JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt"srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof"ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying"asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.
58.AccordingtotheNAS"sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis________.[A]prolongedmedicalprocedures[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain[C]systematicdrugabuse[D]insufficienthospitalcare
JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt"srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof"ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying"asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.
58.AccordingtotheNAS"sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis________.[A]prolongedmedicalprocedures[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain[C]systematicdrugabuse[D]insufficienthospitalcare題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:NAS"sreport為定位詞,可以尋找到原文中的第二句。
思路解析:典型的細(xì)節(jié)題做題思路,特別希望同學(xué)們能回顧之前的長(zhǎng)難句學(xué)習(xí),這里就是需要找出句子主干就可以了:itidentifies...and...asthetwinproblemsofendoflifecare.它將下面的兩個(gè)問題作為了臨終關(guān)懷的兩個(gè)問題。
進(jìn)一步的確認(rèn)兩個(gè)問題:
第一:theundertreatmentofpain(對(duì)于疼痛治療的不足)
第二:theaggressiveuseof"ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying"(大膽的使用無(wú)效和強(qiáng)制性的醫(yī)療手段,這些手段是可能會(huì)延長(zhǎng)甚至是使死亡變得沒有尊嚴(yán)的)
選項(xiàng)分析:四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能夠和原文中的兩個(gè)問題構(gòu)成同意替換的只有第二個(gè)選項(xiàng):[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain(對(duì)疼痛的治療不足)
inadequate替換掉undertreatment;
其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是根據(jù)原文的其他地方所設(shè)置的視覺干擾選項(xiàng)。
26.201*年最后一篇文章第一題:關(guān)注因果關(guān)系!
Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionwealth,distinction,controloverone"sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition"sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegiveuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.
67.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif________.[A]itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices[B]itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower[C]itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial[D]itissharedbytherichandthefamous
Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionwealth,distinction,controloverone"sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition"sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegiveuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.
67.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif________.[A]itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices[B]itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower[C]itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial
[D]itissharedbytherichandthefamous
題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:此第一題優(yōu)先定位第一段,ambition和if定位到第一段的第一句和第二句。思路解析:if是一個(gè)因果詞,但是有一定的特殊性,后面常常加原因但是也可以加結(jié)果。例析:ifyouarerich,iwillmarryyou.if+原因ifiwillmarryyou,youarerich.if+結(jié)果所以在原文中的因果關(guān)系可以整理為:
第一組:(第一句)
結(jié)果:Ifambitionistobewellregarded(雄心被人認(rèn)同)
原因:rewardsmustbedeemedworthyofthesacrifices(回報(bào)配的上犧牲)題干中已知的是結(jié)果:ambitionmaybewellregarded(雄心被人認(rèn)同)
那么表示:回報(bào)配的上犧牲的選項(xiàng)就是正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)分析:能夠和原文因果關(guān)系匹配的選項(xiàng)只有A。其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是視覺干擾,因果關(guān)系不匹配。
27.
這是一道很多同學(xué)在問的題目,201*年第一篇文章的第二個(gè)題目;
還有解釋一下我的講義第一單元是94年的真題;第九單元是201*年的真題;中間自己對(duì)應(yīng)就好了。
Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionwealth,distinction,controloverone"sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition"sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegiveuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.
68.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis________.[A]customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords[B]toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout
[C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal[D]impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition
Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionwealth,distinction,controloverone"sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition"sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegiveuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.
68.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis________.[A]customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords[B]toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout
[C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal
[D]impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)性的推理題
題干定位:對(duì)應(yīng)第一段最后一句
思路解析:由于是段落的最后一句,這個(gè)題目需要結(jié)合上文信息進(jìn)行理解。細(xì)節(jié)性的推理題在本質(zhì)上就是細(xì)節(jié)題。理解句子很重要,接受的推理也只是正反取非而已。選項(xiàng)分析:[A]itiscustomaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords.
文章中第二句談到了受過教育的人giveuptheambitionasanideal;選項(xiàng)中說(shuō)道了discardambition,但是文中沒有說(shuō)這是一種傳統(tǒng)(customary)。典型的有中生無(wú)干擾。[B]itistoolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout
中國(guó)人出題很了解中國(guó)學(xué)生的想法,在中文中有所謂亡羊補(bǔ)牢的典故,但是這里的馬只是一個(gè)比喻,實(shí)質(zhì)不是在說(shuō)馬的事情。
[D]itisimpracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition.
這和原文表述是相反的:theyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition;(他們可能是從AMBITION中獲益最多的)
所以不能說(shuō)他們從AMBITION中獲益是不實(shí)際的。
[C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal在前一句說(shuō):theyhaveclaimedtohavegiveuponambitionasanideal(他們聲稱已經(jīng)放棄了AMBITION)
前一句說(shuō)道:theyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition(他們可能是從AMBITION)中獲益最多的。
最后一句實(shí)際在用一個(gè)比喻解釋上兩句的現(xiàn)象:
一個(gè)人靠AMBITION獲得了成功后,卻對(duì)別人說(shuō),AMBITION沒有用,我已經(jīng)放棄了。
這就好像:
一個(gè)人騎著馬出去獲得成功了,然后把馬圈的們關(guān)上不讓其他人騎馬。所以最后一句話中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)詞:hypocrisy虛偽28.
201*年考研英語(yǔ)第五篇第一題;細(xì)節(jié)題繼續(xù)哦!
WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming"Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily".
67.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraph1?[A]Full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.
[B]Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob.[C]"Alateralmove"meanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment.[D]Thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.
WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming"Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily".
當(dāng)我決定辭去自己的全日制工作時(shí)決沒有想到,自己竟成了一種新的國(guó)際性潮流的一分子。一次平級(jí)的人事調(diào)動(dòng)傷了我的自尊心,并阻斷了我的事業(yè)發(fā)展,這促使我放棄自己地位較高的職業(yè),當(dāng)然,就像面子掃盡的政府部長(zhǎng)那樣,我也掩飾說(shuō)“我只想與家人更多的呆在一起”。
67.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraph1?[A]Full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.
[B]Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob.[C]"Alateralmove"meanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment.[D]Thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:答案來(lái)源是第一段話。
思路解析:典型的細(xì)節(jié)題,將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)和原文一一對(duì)應(yīng)即可。
選項(xiàng)分析:[A]Full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.(全職工作是一種新的國(guó)際潮流)
文中第一句談到了新的國(guó)際潮流,但是這里的潮流是Idecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemployment(我決定辭去我的全職工作)
[B]Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob.(作者被環(huán)境所迫離開了自己的工作)
第二句話中談到:Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareer(一次平級(jí)的人事調(diào)動(dòng)傷了我的自尊心,并阻斷了我的事業(yè)發(fā)展,這促使我放棄自己地位較高的職業(yè)。)這里平級(jí)的調(diào)動(dòng)被選項(xiàng)替換為了:circumstances,abandonmycareer被替換為了leaveherjob;為完美的同意替換。
[C]"Alateralmove"meanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment.
這里的lateralmove是第二句的主語(yǔ),是lateralmove造成了作者辭職,而不是其本身就表示是辭職的意思。
[D]Thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.作者特別渴望能和家人度過更多的時(shí)間
最后一句中明確的說(shuō)道:icovermyexit(我掩飾我的離開)所以這并不是作者的真實(shí)想法。
29首先這是一個(gè)極具考研特色的詭異的題目,尤其是在選項(xiàng)的分析上,請(qǐng)同學(xué)們一定要好好地看!(201*年第四篇文章第三題)
Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yetitishardtoimaginethatthemergerofa
fewoilfirmstodaycouldre-createthesamethreatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheUS,when
theStandardOiltrustwasbrokenup.Themergersoftelecomcompanies,suchasWorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigher
pricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsis
comingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasingwitnessDaimlerandChrysler,RenaultandNissanbutit
doesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.
65.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat________.
[A]theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtconsumers[B]WorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandcosts[C]thecostsoftheglobalizationprocessareenormous
[D]theStandardOiltrustmighthavethreatenedcompetition
Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yetitishardtoimaginethatthemergerofa
fewoilfirmstodaycouldre-createthesamethreatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheUS,when
theStandardOiltrustwasbrokenup.Themergersoftelecomcompanies,suchasWorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigher
pricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsis
comingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasingwitnessDaimlerandChrysler,RenaultandNissanbutit
doesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.
目前證明這股合并浪潮是帶來(lái)利還是弊的實(shí)例并不多。但是很難想像當(dāng)今的幾個(gè)石油公司的合并是否會(huì)重新造成約100年前美國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)石油公司對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)造成的同樣的威脅,那時(shí)由于人們對(duì)該公司的這種擔(dān)心而導(dǎo)致了它最終的解散。像世界通訊這樣的通訊公司合并似乎沒有給消費(fèi)者帶
來(lái)更高的價(jià)格,或者降低技術(shù)進(jìn)步的速度。相反,通信的價(jià)格在迅速下降。在汽車行業(yè),合并也同樣在增加比如戴姆勒與克萊斯勒,雷
諾與尼桑的合并但消費(fèi)者看起來(lái)并未受到傷害。
65.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat________.
[A]theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtconsumers
[B]WorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandcosts[C]thecostsoftheglobalizationprocessareenormous[D]theStandardOiltrustmighthavethreatenedcompetition
題型識(shí)別:段落推理題題干定位:定位第四段
思路解析:段落推理題通常用選項(xiàng)和原文一一對(duì)應(yīng),逐個(gè)排除。選項(xiàng)分析:[A]theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtconsumers
錯(cuò)誤之處在于:iscertainto...文中明確說(shuō)道對(duì)于并購(gòu)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)的例子都還不是很充分。并且很多例子都說(shuō)明了并購(gòu)會(huì)帶
來(lái)很多好處而不是一定會(huì)傷害消費(fèi)者。
[B]WorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandcosts
錯(cuò)誤之處在于:worldcom這個(gè)例子只能說(shuō)明并購(gòu)的好處而不能說(shuō)明并購(gòu)的壞處。[C]thecostsoftheglobalizationprocessareenormous
錯(cuò)誤之處在于:文中沒有談及全球化進(jìn)程的花費(fèi)是否巨大。
[D]theStandardOiltrustmighthavethreatenedcompetition
這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是很典型的考研難題的選項(xiàng),很多同學(xué)都會(huì)說(shuō)找不到依據(jù),不知道怎么得出這個(gè)答案的。
直白的講:這里的答案改寫,按已知的信息來(lái)講我也是不認(rèn)同的,這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有可能錯(cuò)誤最少的。
其實(shí)這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是可以一定正確的:因?yàn)橛玫搅薽ighthave(有可能),可能性在文中明確否定的情況外,是可以一直存在的,并
且文中確實(shí)沒有否定這件事情的可能性,并且在文中也談到了,theStandardoiltrust這家公司。所以這里應(yīng)該是最佳的選項(xiàng)
還是需要給同學(xué)們強(qiáng)調(diào):最佳選項(xiàng)的概念!
所謂最佳選項(xiàng)是就一個(gè)題目中的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)而言的,而不是和其他題目相比的。這樣的選項(xiàng)很有可能在其他題目中就不是最佳選項(xiàng)了。
30.
細(xì)節(jié)題,沒有給大家送來(lái)早餐只能在周末的夜晚給大家送點(diǎn)宵夜,周末愉快!
201*年第三篇文章第5題
Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeeps
hiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityproject
dedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversity
program,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.
62.Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits________.
[A]failuretorealizeitsrealproblem[B]tendencytohireannoyingreporters[C]likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting[D]prejudiceinmattersofraceandgender
Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeeps
hiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityproject
dedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticing
theculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversity
program,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.
這對(duì)任何一個(gè)工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)都算是爆炸性的形勢(shì),對(duì)于一個(gè)正在衰落的行業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)尤其如此。這是一個(gè)棘手的行業(yè),卻不斷地雇用觀點(diǎn)總體上
使客戶惱怒的雇員。然后它又出資組織研討會(huì)和可信度調(diào)查項(xiàng)目,去探究為什么顧客們惱火了,為什么會(huì)有那么多人逃避新聞。但它似乎從
來(lái)就沒回過頭來(lái)去注意那么多以前的顧客所抱怨的文化和階級(jí)偏見。如果它能注意這個(gè)問題的話,它就應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步開放其多樣化項(xiàng)目(這個(gè)項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)在還只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工),進(jìn)一步尋找那些世界觀、價(jià)值觀、教育水平和社會(huì)階層各不相同的各種記者。
62.Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits________.
[A]failuretorealizeitsrealproblem[B]tendencytohireannoyingreporters
[C]likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting[D]prejudiceinmattersofraceandgender題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題題干定位:最后一題對(duì)應(yīng)最后一段第三句:towonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.
但是在本句中沒有說(shuō)為什么讀者不滿意只是說(shuō)道新聞業(yè)的從業(yè)人員希望知道他們?yōu)槭裁床粷M意。那么支持句就是下一句:
Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyers
arecomplainingabout.(但它似乎從來(lái)就沒回過頭來(lái)去注意那么多以前的顧客所抱怨的文化和階級(jí)偏見。)這句話就是原因之所在。
最后一句是在強(qiáng)調(diào),他們確實(shí)沒有注意到真實(shí)的原因。思路解析:典型的細(xì)節(jié)題思維,回到原文中定位讀取即可。選項(xiàng)分析:[C]likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting
有可能做不準(zhǔn)確的報(bào)道(這不是真正的原因在前文說(shuō)過這是表面的原因)
[D]prejudiceinmattersofraceandgender
文中最后一句講了,現(xiàn)在的報(bào)業(yè)已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到了在種族和性別上的歧視,沒有認(rèn)識(shí)的到的是世界觀上的問題。
[B]tendencytohireannoyingreporters傾向于雇傭一些令人不快的記者。(這也是表面的原因)[A]failuretorealizeitsrealproblem這正是對(duì)于倒數(shù)第二句的同意替換。正確答案為A
31201*年第四篇文章第一題。
長(zhǎng)難句分析的能力在這里很重要了!
TheSupremeCourt"sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseeksto
relievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.
Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupported
themedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect,"acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffectsa
goodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseenispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.
Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyill
patients"pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.
56.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat________.
[A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients"pain[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives[C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide
TheSupremeCourt"sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseeksto
relievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.
Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupported
themedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect,"acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffectsa
goodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseenispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.
Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyill
patients"pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.
最高法庭關(guān)于醫(yī)生協(xié)助病人結(jié)束生命問題的裁決,對(duì)于如何用藥物減輕病危者的痛苦這個(gè)問題來(lái)說(shuō),具有重要的意義。盡管裁決認(rèn)為,憲法沒有賦予醫(yī)生幫助病人自殺的權(quán)利,然而最高法庭實(shí)際上卻認(rèn)可了醫(yī)療界的“雙效”原則,這個(gè)存在了好幾個(gè)世紀(jì)
的道德原則認(rèn)為,如果某種行為具有雙重效果(希望達(dá)到的好效果和可以預(yù)見得到的壞效果),那么,只要行為實(shí)施只是想達(dá)到好的效果,這個(gè)行為就是可以允許的。近年來(lái),醫(yī)生們一直在借用這項(xiàng)原則,為自己替病;颊咦⑸浯髣┝康膯岱孺(zhèn)痛的做法提供正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛,盡管他們知道,不斷增加的劑量最終會(huì)殺死病人。
56.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat________.
[A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients"pain[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives[C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide題型識(shí)別:段落推理題
題干定位:定位到前三段
思路解析:典型的段落推理題將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)和原文前三段一一對(duì)應(yīng),逐個(gè)排除選項(xiàng)分析:[A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients"pain
根據(jù)第三段開頭:Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphine.
可知這個(gè)選項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,不是過去醫(yī)生增加藥物的劑量,現(xiàn)在的醫(yī)生也會(huì)增加的(haveused).
[C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide
根據(jù)第二段的主句:theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprinciple.法庭實(shí)際在支持醫(yī)學(xué)原則。說(shuō)明法庭沒有強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。
[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide
原文中說(shuō)病人沒有在別人協(xié)助下自殺的能力,而不是沒有自殺的權(quán)利。
[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives
根據(jù)原文二段前半句:itruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide.
沒有憲法的權(quán)利=不合法。在美國(guó)沒有其他法律就只有憲法。正確答案為:D.
32.
再來(lái)一個(gè)關(guān)于長(zhǎng)難句的題目,只要能讀懂句子的主干題目就能作對(duì),之前讓同學(xué)們背過的一個(gè)句子哦,加油,這段時(shí)間同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)熱情又開始回升了,四六級(jí)的視頻已經(jīng)在各地開始
播放了。201*年第四篇文章第三題
JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt"srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof"ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying"asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.
58.AccordingtotheNAS"sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis________.[A]prolongedmedicalprocedures[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain[C]systematicdrugabuse[D]insufficienthospitalcare
JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt"srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof"ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying"asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.
就在最高法庭對(duì)醫(yī)助自殺進(jìn)行裁決的前三周,全國(guó)科學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)公布了一份長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩卷的報(bào)告臨近死亡:完善臨終護(hù)理。報(bào)告指出了醫(yī)院臨終關(guān)懷護(hù)理中存在的兩個(gè)問題:對(duì)病痛處理不力和大膽使用“無(wú)效而強(qiáng)制性的醫(yī)療程序,這些程序可能會(huì)延長(zhǎng)死亡期,甚至?xí)屗劳銎陔y堪”。
58.AccordingtotheNAS"sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis________.[A]prolongedmedicalprocedures[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain[C]systematicdrugabuse[D]insufficienthospitalcare題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:根據(jù)題干中的NAS"sreport可以定位到原文中第七段第一句,談到NAS發(fā)布了一個(gè)報(bào)告。答案來(lái)自下一個(gè)句子,這個(gè)報(bào)告所確定的問題。句子主干是thereportidentifiesAandB.
思路解析:典型的細(xì)節(jié)題解題思路選項(xiàng)分析:
原文中的兩個(gè)問題分別是:1.theundertreatmentofpain對(duì)于疼痛治療的不足
2.theaggressiveuseof"ineffectualandforced”medicalprocedures大膽的使用無(wú)效的和強(qiáng)制性的醫(yī)療措施。
所以對(duì)于這兩個(gè)問題中的一個(gè)問題進(jìn)行同意替換的就是正確答案。答案可以確定為B。inadequate就是對(duì)于undertreatment的同意替換。
33還是細(xì)節(jié)題。201*年第二篇文章第三題
Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcan
performsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracyfargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilled
physicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.
Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervision
andbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselvesgoalsthatposearealchallenge."Whileweknowhowtotell
arobottohandleaspecificerror,"saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,"wecan"tyetgivearobot
enough"commonsense"toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld."
48.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman"sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan________.[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally[C]havealittlecommonsense
[D]respondindependentlytoachangingworld
Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthat
canperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracyfargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilled
physicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.
Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshuman
supervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselvesgoalsthatposearealchallenge."Whileweknow
howtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,"saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,"wecan"tyet
givearobotenough"commonsense"toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld."由于電子和微觀機(jī)械儀器的不斷縮小,現(xiàn)在已有一些機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)能夠進(jìn)行精確到毫米的腦部和骨髓手術(shù),其精確性遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過熟練的醫(yī)生用他們的雙手所能達(dá)到的水平。
但是如果機(jī)器人要進(jìn)入節(jié)省勞力的下一個(gè)階段,他們必須能夠在更少的人工監(jiān)控下運(yùn)行,并且至少能夠獨(dú)立地做一些決定。這些目標(biāo)給我們提出了一個(gè)真正的挑戰(zhàn)!半m然我們知道如何讓機(jī)器人去糾正一個(gè)特定的錯(cuò)誤,”NASA的一個(gè)機(jī)器人項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理戴維拉維里說(shuō),“我們?nèi)匀徊荒苜x予機(jī)器人以足夠的常識(shí),使它們能夠與動(dòng)態(tài)的世界進(jìn)行可靠的交流!
48.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman"sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan________.[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery
[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally[C]havealittlecommonsense
[D]respondindependentlytoachangingworld題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:題干中出現(xiàn)了beyond含有否定的含義,題干的實(shí)質(zhì)含義就是:現(xiàn)在人類所能設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái)的機(jī)器人還不能做什么?
根據(jù)這點(diǎn)可以確定是在But之后尋找答案,因?yàn)閎ut前是在講機(jī)器人能做什么。思路解析:典型的細(xì)節(jié)題解題思路,定位讀取后替換。
選項(xiàng)分析:[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery
在but前明確的表明了現(xiàn)在人類能夠用手就能完成非常精確的手術(shù),所以為錯(cuò)誤答案。[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally文中沒有談到和人類之間的言語(yǔ)互動(dòng)
[C]havealittlecommonsense
否定對(duì)象被擴(kuò)大。文中提及的是:不能有足夠的常識(shí)而不是沒有一點(diǎn)常識(shí)。[D]respondindependentlytoachangingworld
文中段落最后一句談及:can"treliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.(不能可靠地和動(dòng)態(tài)的世界互動(dòng))
選項(xiàng)中的independently就是對(duì)于reliably的替換,dynamic就是對(duì)于changing的同意替換。
所以D選項(xiàng)就是正確選項(xiàng)。34
Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain"sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsare
muchmoretalentedandhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicatedthanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthat
canrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehuman
mindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneously
focusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadvanced
computersystemsonEarthcan"tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon"tknowquitehowwedoit.
49.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso________.[A]makeafewdecisionsforthemselves
[B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention[C]improvefactoryenvironments[D]cultivatehumancreativity
Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain"sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuch
moretalentedandhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicatedthanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcan
recognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehuman
mindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneously
focusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadvanced
computersystemsonEarthcan"tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon"tknowquitehowwedoit.
在試圖建造思維模型的過程中,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),人類大腦中的近1000億個(gè)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞要比以前想像的更聰明,人類的感覺器官也比以前想像的更復(fù)雜。他們建造的機(jī)器人在嚴(yán)格控制的工廠環(huán)境里,能夠在儀表盤上識(shí)別毫米以下的誤差。但是人的大腦能夠掃描一個(gè)快速變化的場(chǎng)景
,迅速排除98%的不相干的物體,立即聚焦于森林中婉蜒道路旁的一只猴子,或者人群中的一張可疑的臉。地球上最先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)也不
能仿效這種能力,并且神經(jīng)學(xué)科學(xué)家仍然不知道我們是怎樣做到這一點(diǎn)的。
49.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso________.[A]makeafewdecisionsforthemselves[B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention[C]improvefactoryenvironments[D]cultivatehumancreativity題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:這個(gè)題目很有考研出題人腦殘的范,基本就是黔驢技窮的感覺,甚至顯得有一些下作。這個(gè)題目的定位是在第二句,而整個(gè)段落
其實(shí)是在講機(jī)器人的弊端,只是在這里欲抑先揚(yáng)的講了一點(diǎn)機(jī)器人現(xiàn)在能做什么,考察的點(diǎn)不是文脈中重要的點(diǎn)。所以用定位詞和順序定位就很重要了。
Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterina
controlledfactoryenvironment.
他們建造的機(jī)器人在嚴(yán)格控制的工廠環(huán)境里,能夠在儀表盤上識(shí)別毫米以下的誤差。
思路解析:典型的細(xì)節(jié)題解題思路。
選項(xiàng)分析:[A]makeafewdecisionsforthemselves
前文中談到了,要機(jī)器人自己做一些決定是由挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。所以不對(duì)
[C]improvefactoryenvironments
移花接木,文中明確的說(shuō)到是在工廠的環(huán)境下能做事情,而不是提高工廠的環(huán)境[D]cultivatehumancreativity
文中沒有談到能培養(yǎng)人的創(chuàng)造性,定位很重要。
[B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention
這是對(duì)于原文的同意替換,inacontrolledfactoryenvironment.就被替換成了withhumanintervention,
recognizetheerror被替換成了dealwithsomeerrors.所以B為正確選項(xiàng)。
35201*年最后一題:還是細(xì)節(jié)題
Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare."Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,"totheextentthatitconstitutes"systematicpatientabuse."Hesaysmedicallicensingboards"mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension."
60.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey________.[A]managetheirpatientsincompetently[B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded[C]reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients[D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients
Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare."Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,"totheextentthatitconstitutes"systematicpatientabuse."Hesaysmedicallicensingboards"mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension."
60.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey________.[A]managetheirpatientsincompetently[B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded
[C]reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients
[D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients安納斯說(shuō),律師可以在要求把醫(yī)療界的這些善意的行為變成更好的護(hù)理行動(dòng)方面發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用!安簧籴t(yī)生對(duì)病人所遭受的毫無(wú)必要的,可預(yù)見的痛苦無(wú)動(dòng)于衷”,乃至于已構(gòu)成“蓄意虐待病人”。他說(shuō),行醫(yī)資格理事會(huì)“必須明確表明病人痛苦地死亡,可以推定,是由于醫(yī)生處理不力造成的,應(yīng)該因此吊銷其從醫(yī)資格”。
題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:根據(jù)GeorgeAnnas可以定位到最后一段最后一句。
Hesaysmedicallicensingboards"mustmakeitclearthatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension.本句的難點(diǎn)是licensesuspension(吊銷執(zhí)照)就等于對(duì)于醫(yī)生的懲罰。題干中的if表明在問原因;理清原文中的因果關(guān)系。原因resultin結(jié)果
結(jié)果=licensesuspension原因=painfuldeaths
(這里很關(guān)鍵thatshouldresultinlicensesuspension.這里的that就是ones而ones就是painfuldeathes.)
思路解析:典型的細(xì)節(jié)題選項(xiàng)分析:要抓住關(guān)鍵這里的的原因只能是痛苦的死亡,也就意味著誰(shuí)讓病人痛苦誰(shuí)就該受到懲罰。
[A]managetheirpatientsincompetently[B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded
[C]reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients
前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都沒有直接說(shuō)出原因:使病人痛苦。不是最佳答案。我們可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這些選項(xiàng)是正確的但卻不是最佳的。
[D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients
這才是真正的原因之所在:使死亡痛苦。為正確答案。201*-5-2313:53閱讀(1.26萬(wàn))
36.
201*年第三篇文章的題目:主題和細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)系!
Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energy
conservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoil
consumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.Foreachdollarof
GDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomic
Outlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoil
importbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25~0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.
Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomiestowhichheavyindustryhasshiftedhavebecomemoreenergy-
intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.
53.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries________.[A]heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive
[B]incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices[C]manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed[D]oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP
Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energy
conservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoil
consumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.Foreachdollarof
GDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomic
Outlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoil
importbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25~0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.
Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomiestowhichheavyindustryhasshiftedhavebecomemoreenergy-
intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.
發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家對(duì)石油的依賴性也不如從前,因此對(duì)油價(jià)的波動(dòng)也就不會(huì)那么敏感。能源儲(chǔ)備、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工業(yè)的重要性的降低,
都減少了石油消耗量。軟件、咨詢及移動(dòng)通訊消耗的石油,比鋼鐵、汽車行業(yè)少得多。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值中每一個(gè)美元所消耗的石油量
比1973年少了近一半。國(guó)際經(jīng)合組織在最近一期的《經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》中估計(jì),如果油價(jià)持續(xù)一年維持在22美元左右,與1998年的13美元一桶相比
,這也只會(huì)使發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的石油進(jìn)口在支出上增加GDP的0.25%~0.5%。這還不到1974年或1980年收入減少部分的1/4。另一方面,進(jìn)口石油的新興國(guó)家由于轉(zhuǎn)向了重工業(yè),消耗能量更大,因此可能會(huì)受到石油危機(jī)的強(qiáng)烈影響。
53.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries________.[A]heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive
[B]incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices[C]manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed[D]oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:專有名詞EconomicOutlook定位到原文中第四段。
TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,
comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25~0.5%ofGDP.
國(guó)際經(jīng)合組織在最近一期的《經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》中估計(jì),如果油價(jià)持續(xù)一年維持在22美元左右,與1998年的13美元一桶相比,這也只會(huì)
使發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的石油進(jìn)口在支出上增加GDP的0.25%~0.5%。
思路解析:細(xì)節(jié)題很多時(shí)候是靠對(duì)于句子的理解,但是句子也是不能離開主題的,這里需要提醒大家細(xì)節(jié)和主題的關(guān)系:細(xì)節(jié)是為主題服務(wù)
的。這里的段落主題是第一句:Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitive
toswingsintheoilprice.(發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家對(duì)石油的依賴性也不如從前,因此對(duì)油價(jià)的波動(dòng)也就不會(huì)那么敏感。)
選項(xiàng)分析:[A]heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive
文章中談到了heavyindustry但是沒有談到其變得更加能源密集。
[B]incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices文中談到了收入的損失但是沒有談及主要由于原油價(jià)格的波動(dòng),并且這里和主題也相悖,原油價(jià)格對(duì)于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家而言并不是那么重要了。
[C]manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed制造工業(yè)并沒有被嚴(yán)重的壓榨而是遷到了其他國(guó)家。
[D]oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP
文章中談到價(jià)格的上漲只會(huì)使發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的石油進(jìn)口在支出上增加GDP的0.25%~0.5%。說(shuō)明影響不大。
特別說(shuō)明:有同學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)為增加這么多也是很大的影響。那么就需要看段落主題了:發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家不再那么的依賴石油,對(duì)于油價(jià)的波
動(dòng)也不敏感,而這個(gè)段落所應(yīng)用的數(shù)據(jù)就是應(yīng)該為主題服務(wù)的。所以這里影響不大是正確的。
記。杭(xì)節(jié)是為主題服務(wù)的。抓細(xì)節(jié)的時(shí)候也要注意抓主題!37.
Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain"sroughlyonehundred
billionnervecellsaremuchmoretalentedandhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicatedthanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan"tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon"tknowquitehowwedoit.
50.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare________.[A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately
[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation
[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment
Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain"sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalentedandhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicatedthanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan"tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon"tknowquitehowwedoit.
在試圖建造思維模型的過程中,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),人類大腦中的近1000億個(gè)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞要比以前想像的更聰明,人類的感覺器官也比以前想像的更復(fù)雜。他們建造的機(jī)器人在嚴(yán)格控制的工廠環(huán)境里,能夠在儀表盤上識(shí)別毫米以下的誤差。但是人的大腦能夠掃描一個(gè)快速變化的場(chǎng)景,迅速排除98%的不相干的物體,立即聚焦于森林中婉蜒道路旁的一只猴子,或者人群中的一張可疑的臉。地球上最先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)也不能仿效這種能力,并且神經(jīng)學(xué)科學(xué)家仍然不知道我們是怎樣做到這一點(diǎn)的。
50.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare________.[A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately
[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment題型識(shí)別:例證題
題干定位:根據(jù)猴子定位最后一段
思路解析:例子一定是為主題服務(wù)的這里關(guān)鍵抓住段落的主題。不能被例子所干擾。Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain"sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalentedandhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicatedthanpreviouslyimagined.
在試圖建造思維模型的過程中,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),人類大腦中的近1000億個(gè)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞要比以前想像的更聰明,人類的感覺器官也比以前想像的更復(fù)雜。猴子的例子也是為了說(shuō)明:人腦很厲害答案一定要與人相關(guān)。
選項(xiàng)分析:四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中與人相關(guān)的就只有第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)
[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation看前半部分就可以了:[C]farlessablethanhumanbrain
后半部分即使不能確定也可以選擇這個(gè)選項(xiàng),因?yàn)槠渌齻(gè)選項(xiàng)都沒有談及人腦!特別提示:例子和細(xì)節(jié)一定是為主題服務(wù)的,主題往往就在段首句!38.
Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentify
sharedexperiencesandproblems.
Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstand
theirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbe
different.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;
alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.
41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould________.[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople
[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners
Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.
Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstand
theirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbe
different.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;
alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.
如果你想在談話中用幽默來(lái)使人發(fā)笑,你就必須知道如何識(shí)別共同的經(jīng)歷和共同的問題。你的幽默必須與聽眾有關(guān),能夠向他們顯示你是他
們的一員,或者你了解他們的情況,同情他們的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)與你談話的不同對(duì)象,問題也有所不同。如果你在和一群經(jīng)理談話,你就可以評(píng)
論他們秘書的工作方法紊亂;相反,如果你在和一群秘書談話,你就可以評(píng)論她們老板的工作方法紊亂。
41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould________.[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople
[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:根據(jù)題序和humor可以定位到第一段。
youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudience.
你必須知道如何去確定共同的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和問題。你的幽默必須和聽眾有關(guān),
思路解析:細(xì)節(jié)題的典型思路
選項(xiàng)分析:[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople
取笑沒有條理的人(錯(cuò)誤的把具體事例當(dāng)為結(jié)論了)[D]showsympathyforyourlistenerssympathy單獨(dú)講是憐憫的意思besympathyof同意的意思替換不對(duì)
[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience準(zhǔn)確講這個(gè)選項(xiàng)沒有錯(cuò),但不是最佳
[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople前面的一個(gè)選項(xiàng)只談到了不同的人,這里說(shuō)到了不同的人和不同的問題所以為最佳選項(xiàng)。
39.
201*年第一篇第二題
Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses"convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthe
sameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,
beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalinefor
lunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshis
foodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself."Whoisthat?"thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter."Oh,that"sGod,"camethe
reply,"butsometimeshethinkshe"sadoctor."
42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________.[A]impolitetonewarrivals
[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole[C]entitledtosomeprivileges
[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours
Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses"convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthe
sameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,
beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalinefor
lunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshis
foodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself."Whoisthat?"thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter."Oh,that"sGod,"camethe
reply,"butsometimeshethinkshe"sadoctor."
下面舉一個(gè)例子,它是我在一個(gè)護(hù)士大會(huì)上聽到的。這個(gè)故事效果很好,因?yàn)槁牨妼?duì)醫(yī)生都有同樣的看法。一個(gè)人到了天堂,由圣彼得帶著
他參觀。他看到了豪華的住宅、美麗的花園、晴朗的天氣等等。所有人都很安靜、禮貌和友善,然而當(dāng)這位新來(lái)的人在排隊(duì)等候午餐時(shí),突
然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁。只見這人擠到了隊(duì)伍的前頭,抓起他的食物,噔噔地旁若無(wú)人地走到一張餐桌旁!斑@是誰(shuí)?”新來(lái)的
人問圣彼得!芭,那是上帝,”他回答說(shuō),“但有時(shí)也認(rèn)為自己是一名醫(yī)生!42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________.[A]impolitetonewarrivals
[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole[C]entitledtosomeprivileges[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours題型識(shí)別:推理題
題干定位:定位到文中第二段
思路解析:推理題并不涉及真正的推理,其實(shí)只會(huì)涉及到對(duì)文章的理解。
首先段落的主題確定這是一個(gè)幽默小故事,應(yīng)該產(chǎn)生幽默的效果。而英式幽默是一句話的幽默,通常是在最后一句話產(chǎn)生笑點(diǎn)。
選項(xiàng)分析:[A]impolitetonewarrivals對(duì)新來(lái)的人不禮貌
這是文中談到的,但是這不是幽默點(diǎn)。[C]entitledtosomeprivileges
這也是文中談到的,但也不是幽默點(diǎn)[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours這也是文中談到的,但是也不是幽默點(diǎn)[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole很在乎自己神一樣的角色。
幽默點(diǎn):通過神覺得自己是醫(yī)生,來(lái)反諷醫(yī)生自以為是。而這樣的反諷是能引起護(hù)士們共鳴的,這就意味著護(hù)士也覺得醫(yī)生把自己當(dāng)成了神。這樣的題目不是典型的題目,不過思路用到了取非的思路。40
很多同學(xué)題目已經(jīng)做了一遍了,現(xiàn)在可以橫著做題了。我的基礎(chǔ)班講義第一單元就是94年的,以此類推即可。94到02年題型分類文檔:
細(xì)節(jié)題
事實(shí)識(shí)別:
317頁(yè)94年第一篇第二題317頁(yè)94年第一篇第三題318頁(yè)94年第二篇第一題321頁(yè)94年第四篇第三題
322頁(yè)94年第五篇第二題
311頁(yè)95年第一篇第一題(sentencemeans)312頁(yè)95年第二篇第一題312頁(yè)95年第二篇第二題314頁(yè)95年第三篇第二題315頁(yè)95年第四篇第一題315頁(yè)95年第四篇第三題
316頁(yè)95年第五篇第一題316頁(yè)95年第五篇第二題
305頁(yè)96年第一篇第一題(sentencemeans)309頁(yè)96年第四篇第二題308頁(yè)96年第三篇第一題307頁(yè)96年第二篇第一題307頁(yè)96年第二篇第三題305頁(yè)96年第一篇第一題305頁(yè)96年第一篇第二題306頁(yè)96年第一篇第四題301頁(yè)97年第二篇第一題301頁(yè)97年第二篇第三題301頁(yè)97年第二篇第四題300頁(yè)97年第一篇第三題299頁(yè)97年第一篇第二題298頁(yè)98年第五篇第三題298頁(yè)98年第五篇第二題297頁(yè)98年第四篇第三題297頁(yè)98年第四篇第二題294頁(yè)98年第二篇第一題294頁(yè)98年第二篇第二題293頁(yè)98年第一篇第三題292頁(yè)99年第五篇第三題290頁(yè)99年第四篇第二題289頁(yè)99年第三篇第二題287頁(yè)99年第一篇第二題286頁(yè)99年第一篇第一題281頁(yè)00年第五篇第一題276頁(yè)00年第四篇第四題272頁(yè)00年第三篇第二題267頁(yè)00年第二篇第一題263頁(yè)00年第一篇第二題256頁(yè)01年第五篇第三題251頁(yè)01年第四篇第一題251頁(yè)01年第四篇第二題247頁(yè)01年第三篇第二題247頁(yè)01年第三篇第三題247頁(yè)01年第三篇第四題242頁(yè)01年第二篇第一題242頁(yè)01年第二篇第四題236頁(yè)01年第一篇第一題231頁(yè)02年第四篇第三題220頁(yè)02年第二篇第三題220頁(yè)02年第二篇第一題214頁(yè)02年第一篇第一題215頁(yè)02年第一篇第二題215頁(yè)02年第一篇第四題
因果關(guān)系:
320頁(yè)94年第三篇第二題315頁(yè)95年第四篇第二題309頁(yè)96年第四篇第一題309頁(yè)96年第四篇第三題308頁(yè)96年第三篇第二題307頁(yè)96年第二篇第四題305頁(yè)96年第一篇第三題303頁(yè)97年第四篇第一題302頁(yè)97年第三篇第一題302頁(yè)97年第三篇第三題
297頁(yè)98年第四篇第二題(inthat)291頁(yè)99年第四篇第三題(because)281頁(yè)00年第五篇第三題(because)
276頁(yè)00年第四篇第二題(beresponsiblefor)267頁(yè)00年第二篇第三題262頁(yè)00年第一篇第一題263頁(yè)00年第一篇第四題256頁(yè)01年第五篇第四題242頁(yè)01年第二篇第二題237頁(yè)01年第一篇第四題225頁(yè)02年第三篇第一題
觀點(diǎn)題型:
311頁(yè)95年第一篇第三題312頁(yè)95年第一篇第四題313頁(yè)95年第二篇第四題310頁(yè)96年第五篇第二題303頁(yè)97年第四篇第三題298頁(yè)98年第五篇第一題
292頁(yè)99年第五篇第二題
289頁(yè)99年第三篇第一題(think)289頁(yè)99年第三篇第四題288頁(yè)99年第二篇第三題276頁(yè)00年第四篇第一題272頁(yè)00年第三篇第四題272頁(yè)00年第三篇第三題256頁(yè)01年第五篇第二題231頁(yè)02年第四篇第五題225頁(yè)02年第三篇第三題
which題型(except):311頁(yè)95年第一篇第二題313頁(yè)95年第二篇第四題308頁(yè)96年第三篇第三題307頁(yè)96年第二篇第二題304頁(yè)97年第五篇第二題303頁(yè)97年第四篇第二題296頁(yè)98年第三篇第三題294頁(yè)98年第二篇第四題276頁(yè)00年第四篇第三題256頁(yè)01年第五篇第一題231頁(yè)02年第四篇第二題220頁(yè)02年第二篇第四題
例證題:
319頁(yè)94年第三篇第一題321頁(yè)94年第四篇第一題322頁(yè)94年第五篇第三題294頁(yè)98年第二篇第三題292頁(yè)99年第五篇第一題287頁(yè)99年第一篇第三題(caseof)267頁(yè)00年第二篇第二題
242頁(yè)01年第二篇第三題(caseof)
237頁(yè)01年第一篇第三題(demonstrate)220頁(yè)02年第二篇第五題
主題題:
318頁(yè)94年第一篇第四題319頁(yè)94年第二篇第四題320頁(yè)94年第三篇第三題316頁(yè)95年第五篇第四題310頁(yè)96年第五篇第四題309頁(yè)96年第四篇第四題303頁(yè)97年第四篇第四題
298頁(yè)98年第五篇第四題
295頁(yè)98年第三篇第二題(段落)293頁(yè)98年第一篇第四題272頁(yè)00年第三篇第一題267頁(yè)00年第二篇第四題247頁(yè)01年第三篇第一題215頁(yè)02年第一篇第五題
態(tài)度題:
308頁(yè)96年第三篇第四題304頁(yè)97年第五篇第四題300頁(yè)97年第一篇第四題296頁(yè)98年第三篇第四題287頁(yè)99年第一篇第四題251頁(yè)01年第四篇第四題226頁(yè)02年第三篇第五題
推理題
細(xì)節(jié)性的Learn題型318頁(yè)94年第二篇第二題320頁(yè)94年第三篇第四題288頁(yè)99年第二篇第一題
細(xì)節(jié)性的imply題型321頁(yè)94年第四篇第二題293頁(yè)98年第一篇第一題292頁(yè)99年第五篇第四題288頁(yè)99年第二篇第二題281頁(yè)00年第五篇第二題
3.細(xì)節(jié)性的suggest題型322頁(yè)94年第五篇第四題
4.細(xì)節(jié)性的infer題型225頁(yè)02年第三篇第二題237頁(yè)01年第一篇第二題289頁(yè)99年第三篇第三題215頁(yè)02年第一篇第三題
5.全文性的推理:
314頁(yè)95年第三篇第三題315頁(yè)95年第四篇第四題310頁(yè)96年第五篇第三題304頁(yè)97年第五篇第一題263頁(yè)00年第一篇第三題225頁(yè)02年第三篇第四題
6.段落性的推理
314頁(yè)95年第三篇第四題316頁(yè)95年第五篇第四題302頁(yè)97年第三篇第四題301頁(yè)97年第二篇第二題299頁(yè)97年第一篇第一題291頁(yè)99年第四篇第四題290頁(yè)99年第四篇第一題288頁(yè)99年第二篇第四題281頁(yè)00年第五篇第四題251頁(yè)01年第四篇第三題230頁(yè)02年第四篇第一題
詞匯題
317頁(yè)94年第一篇第一題319頁(yè)94年第二篇第三題321頁(yè)94年第四篇第四題322頁(yè)94年第五篇第一題
313頁(yè)95年第二篇第三題(指代)314頁(yè)95年第三篇第一題(指代)310頁(yè)96年第五篇第一題(指代)304頁(yè)97年第五篇第三題(句子)302頁(yè)97年第三篇第二題
297頁(yè)98年第四篇第四題295頁(yè)98年第三篇第一題
293頁(yè)98年第一篇第二題(指代)231頁(yè)02年第四篇第四題220頁(yè)02年第二篇第二題41.
201*年第一篇第三題
Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit"llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman"snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn"tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.
43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________.[A]havebenefitedmanypeople
[B]arethefocusofpublicattention
[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock
Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit"llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman"snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn"tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.如果你是你談話對(duì)象集體中的一員,你就能夠了解你們所共有的經(jīng)歷和問題,你就可對(duì)餐廳極難吃的食物或者總裁在選擇領(lǐng)帶方面差勁的品味進(jìn)行評(píng)頭論足。而對(duì)于其他聽眾,你就不能試圖貿(mào)然地講這種幽默,因?yàn)樗麄円苍S不喜歡外人對(duì)他們的餐廳或總裁有如此微詞。如果你選擇去評(píng)論郵局或電話局這樣的替罪羊,那你就會(huì)很安全。
43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________.[A]havebenefitedmanypeople[B]arethefocusofpublicattention[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock
題型識(shí)別:推理題
題干定位:這是一道在題干中有具體定位信息的題目,題干中的publicservices就是具體的定位信息,但是在文中并沒有出現(xiàn)一樣的詞匯,但是在第三段最后一句中出現(xiàn)了:thePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem;而publicservice就是對(duì)于他們的同意替換。解題思路:當(dāng)定位準(zhǔn)確以后,解題的思路就有兩條:第一:讀懂這個(gè)句子
YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.
如果你選擇去評(píng)論郵局或電話局這樣的替罪羊,那你就會(huì)很安全。這里的所謂安全就是能讓別人發(fā)笑,所以是很好的笑料第二:這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)應(yīng)該是為主題服務(wù)的
和主題幽默相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)就只有C和D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng),而很清楚的說(shuō)到了安全為正評(píng)價(jià)所以選擇答案為D,經(jīng)常是笑料
選項(xiàng)分析:在思路解析中已經(jīng)用到了對(duì)于選項(xiàng)的排除,這里需要多解釋一下:
有同學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)為:是笑料我認(rèn)同,但是為什么是笑料呢?于是目光就自然的看到了B選項(xiàng);
腦海里想的是:為什么你是好的笑料嗯,因?yàn)槟闶枪婈P(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。但是文中并沒有講是不是關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),并且即使講了這里也不能成為答案,因?yàn)檫@里的主題是幽默,主題應(yīng)該優(yōu)先這就是思路。
42.
201*年第一篇文章第四題
Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit"sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.
44.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered________.[A]inwell-wordedlanguage[B]asawkwardlyaspossible[C]inexaggeratedstatements[D]ascasuallyaspossible
Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit"sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.
如果你在幽默時(shí)感到很別扭,你應(yīng)該進(jìn)行練習(xí)使它變得更自然。包括一些很隨便的、看上去是即興的話,你可以用輕松的、不做作的方式把它們說(shuō)出來(lái)。常常是你說(shuō)話的方式使聽眾發(fā)笑,因此說(shuō)慢一些,并且記住揚(yáng)揚(yáng)眉毛或者做出一種不相信的表情都會(huì)向人們顯示你正在說(shuō)笑話。
44.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered________.[A]inwell-wordedlanguage[B]asawkwardlyaspossible[C]inexaggeratedstatements
[D]ascasuallyaspossible題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:根據(jù)定位倒數(shù)第二段,前面幾段都在講幽默的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該如何去尋找,而從這段開始是用什么樣的方式去傳遞幽默。
思路解析:根據(jù)題干很清晰的定位后,精讀相關(guān)的句子:第一句中出現(xiàn):morenatural
第二句中出現(xiàn):relaxedandunforcedmanner第三句中出現(xiàn):speakslowly
選項(xiàng)分析:最大的干擾來(lái)自于第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)
干擾源是:第三句中出現(xiàn)的araisedeyebroworanunbelievinglook;上挑的眉毛和不相信的表情不等于夸張的表述。
而根據(jù)原文答案為:D選項(xiàng)符合剛才前三句中找出的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)為正確答案。
43.
201*年第一篇文章
Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.
Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses"convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself."Whoisthat?"thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter."Oh,that"sGod,"camethereply,"butsometimeshethinkshe"sadoctor."
Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit"llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman"snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn"tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.
Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit"sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.
Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote"Ifatfirstyoudon"tsucceed,giveup"oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturn
aboutandinjectwithhumor.
45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe________.[A]UseHumorEffectively[B]VariousKindsofHumor[C]AddHumortoSpeech[D]DifferentHumorStrategies題型識(shí)別:主題題
題干定位:根據(jù)文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的主體詞:humor可以確定選項(xiàng)中應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)主體詞humor思路解析:標(biāo)題題的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是在在正確的選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)主體詞或者主體詞的同意替換詞,然后再將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行逐一的排除。
排除的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一就是不能出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)性的信息;選項(xiàng)分析:根據(jù)最常見的排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以排除選項(xiàng)C,(這只是一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)信息),A所關(guān)注的是:howB和D關(guān)注的是:what
如果用B作為正確答案,那么文章就應(yīng)該這樣來(lái)展開:種類1,種類2,種類3,種類4,
種類5,
但是文章不是這樣展開的,所以可以排除;
如果用D作為正確選項(xiàng),那么文章就可以這樣來(lái)展開:策略1
策略2策略3
策略4策略5
但是文章也不是這樣展開的,所以可以排除;
所以A選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng);
特別說(shuō)明:這里可以得出結(jié)論:復(fù)數(shù)的名詞短語(yǔ)作為文章的標(biāo)題的時(shí)候一定要特別小心!
44.
201*年第二篇第二題
Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobo-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracyfargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.
47.Theword"gizmos"(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans________.[A]programs[B]experts[C]devices[D]creatures
Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobo-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracyfargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.
由此引起的結(jié)果是,現(xiàn)代世界已經(jīng)日益充斥著智能的裝置,雖然我們幾乎都注意不到他們,但他們的普遍存在卻節(jié)省了許多人類勞力。我們的工廠里轟鳴著機(jī)器人生產(chǎn)線的節(jié)奏;我們的金融服務(wù)完成于自動(dòng)柜員機(jī)旁,完成業(yè)務(wù)后,它們還會(huì)機(jī)械地、有禮貌地感謝我們;我們的地鐵車輛由不知疲倦的機(jī)器人駕駛。由于電子和微觀機(jī)械儀器的不斷縮小,現(xiàn)在已有一些機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)能夠進(jìn)行精確到毫米的腦部和骨髓手術(shù),其精確性遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過熟練的醫(yī)生用他們的雙手所能達(dá)到的水平。
47.Theword"gizmos"(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans________.[A]programs[B]experts[C]devices[D]creatures題型識(shí)別:詞匯題
題干定位:題干中出現(xiàn)了明確的定位信息。
思路解析:不要強(qiáng)求不可知要從已知找未知;根據(jù)上下文的信息確定答案;
Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.
由此引起的結(jié)果是,現(xiàn)代世界已經(jīng)日益充斥著智能的gizmos,雖然我們幾乎都注意不到他們,但他們的普遍存在卻節(jié)省了許多人類勞力。
根據(jù)這句話將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都帶入的話都可以,所以這個(gè)句子對(duì)于解題沒有幫助。分析下面的句子會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)是三個(gè)并列的句子,并列的句子要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)能共同抽象出來(lái)的點(diǎn)。
這里可以得知:
Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.
Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobo-drivers.
其中:Ourfactories;Ourbanking;Oursubwaytrains就等于modernsociety;robotassemblyarms;automatedtellerterminals;tirelessrobo-drivers就等于gizmos了選項(xiàng)分析:根據(jù)分析不難得出答案應(yīng)該是C,因?yàn)椋簉obotassemblyarms;automatedtellerterminals;tirelessrobo-drivers等于devices.
45.
這是201*年第一篇第二題目,注意體會(huì)答案的給出形式!
Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoany
rule.Nevertheless,theword"amateur"doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothe
scientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthenineteenth
century,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateur
participationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematical
orlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.
AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasing
emphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,
inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthe
twentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflect
on,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.The
overallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeen
reinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenby
severallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournals
havenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessof
differentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,where
astheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.
52.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.
[A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecialisationandprofessionalisation[B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity[D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones
Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoany
rule.Nevertheless,theword"amateur"doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothe
scientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthenineteenth
century,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateur
participationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematical
orlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.
在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域內(nèi),專業(yè)與業(yè)余之間沒有絕對(duì)的區(qū)分:任何區(qū)分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都有其例外。但是“業(yè)余”這個(gè)詞的確具有特殊的含義,那就是所指的那
個(gè)人沒有完全融入某個(gè)科學(xué)家群體,具體地說(shuō),他可能并不完全認(rèn)同這個(gè)群體的價(jià)值觀。19世紀(jì)的專業(yè)化的發(fā)展,以及隨之而來(lái)的對(duì)訓(xùn)練的長(zhǎng)期性和復(fù)雜性的要求,對(duì)業(yè)余人員進(jìn)入科學(xué)界造成了更大的困難。特別是在以數(shù)學(xué)和實(shí)驗(yàn)室訓(xùn)練為基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,這種傾向自然尤為明顯,這可以通過英國(guó)的地質(zhì)學(xué)發(fā)展過程得到證實(shí)。
AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasis
ontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthe
nineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentieth
century,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,the
widergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverall
resulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforced
bythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseveral
localgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshave
nowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiation
hasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurs
havetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.對(duì)過去一個(gè)半世紀(jì)的英國(guó)地質(zhì)出版物進(jìn)行比較,我們不但發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對(duì)研究的重視程度在不斷增加,而且人們對(duì)可以接受的論文的定義也在不
斷變化。因此,在19世紀(jì),局部的地質(zhì)研究本身就可形成一種有價(jià)值的研究;而到了20世紀(jì),如果局部的研究能夠被專業(yè)人員接受,那么它越來(lái)越傾向于必須體現(xiàn)或思考更廣闊的地質(zhì)面貌。另一方面業(yè)余人員繼續(xù)以舊的方式從事局部的研究。其整體的結(jié)果是使業(yè)余人員進(jìn)入專業(yè)
性地質(zhì)學(xué)雜志更加困難,而審稿制度的全面引進(jìn)使這個(gè)結(jié)果得到加強(qiáng),這一制度開始是在19世紀(jì)的全國(guó)性雜志進(jìn)行,進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)后也在一些
地方性地質(zhì)雜志實(shí)行。這樣發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果是出現(xiàn)了針對(duì)專業(yè)讀者和業(yè)余讀者的不同雜志。類似的分化過程也導(dǎo)致專業(yè)地質(zhì)學(xué)家聚集起來(lái),
形成一兩個(gè)全國(guó)性的團(tuán)體,而業(yè)余地質(zhì)學(xué)家則要么留在地方性團(tuán)體中,要么以不同方式組成全國(guó)性的團(tuán)體。
52.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.
[A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecialisationandprofessionalisation[B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity
[D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones題型識(shí)別:全文性推理題
題干定位:文章的行文順序和題目基本一致,可以優(yōu)先考慮文章的第二段以后的內(nèi)容;如果不能準(zhǔn)確定位那么就只能用四個(gè)選項(xiàng)和原文逐一
比對(duì)排除。思路解析:用選項(xiàng)和原文逐一比對(duì),在選擇的過程中優(yōu)先考慮和主題相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)和取非的選項(xiàng)。
選項(xiàng)分析:[A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecialisationandprofessionalisation在專業(yè)化和職業(yè)化之間沒有區(qū)別
和原文第一句的表述相悖:原文第一句的表述為:職業(yè)化和業(yè)余化之間的沒有明顯的區(qū)別,所以不選。
[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity專業(yè)人士?jī)A向于歡迎業(yè)余人士進(jìn)入科學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)
二段中明確表示:那就是所指的那個(gè)人沒有完全融入某個(gè)科學(xué)家群體,具體地說(shuō),他可能并不完全認(rèn)同這個(gè)群體的價(jià)值觀。
因此可以排除這一選項(xiàng)。
[D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones業(yè)余人士有全國(guó)性的學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體但是沒有地方性的團(tuán)體
第三段最后一句明確表明:theamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocome
togethernationallyinadifferentway.業(yè)余地質(zhì)學(xué)家則要么留在地方性團(tuán)體中,要么以不同方式組成全國(guó)性的團(tuán)體。[B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience在某些方面業(yè)余人士能和專業(yè)人士相匹敵
二段第一句談到:Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.
任何區(qū)分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都有其例外;所以這就意味著:專業(yè)人士并不一定就比業(yè)余人士更強(qiáng)。同意改寫為:在某些方面業(yè)余人士是可以和專業(yè)人士匹敵的。
46.
201*年第二篇文章第三題
Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn"thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica"sSecondWaveinfrastructureincludingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoonwerebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain"sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou"regoingtobe.Thatdoesn"tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.
57.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof________.[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas[B]preventingforeigncapital"scontrol[C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure[D]acceptingforeigninvestment
Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn"thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica"sSecondWaveinfrastructureincludingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoonwerebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain"sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoowns
themnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou"regoingtobe.Thatdoesn"tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.要想利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng),某些貧困國(guó)家必須克服對(duì)國(guó)外投資所持的過時(shí)了的反殖民的種種偏見。那些認(rèn)為外國(guó)投資是對(duì)本國(guó)主權(quán)的侵犯的國(guó)家最好還是研究一下美國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(社會(huì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ))建設(shè)歷史。當(dāng)初美國(guó)建設(shè)自己的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施時(shí),缺乏必要的資金,因此美國(guó)的第二次浪潮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施包括公路、港口,高速公路、港口城市等等都是用國(guó)外資金建造的。英國(guó)人、德國(guó)人、荷蘭人和法國(guó)人都在前英國(guó)殖民地投資。他們提供資金,美洲移民建造。想想看,現(xiàn)在誰(shuí)擁有這一切?美國(guó)人。我想,在這件事上,像巴西或其他任何地方同樣也該這樣。你擁有的去建造第三次浪潮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(今天主要指電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)的外國(guó)資金越多,那么你的情況就越好。這并不是說(shuō)卑躬屈膝,任人愚弄,也不是對(duì)外國(guó)公司不加控制。但這的確意味著你已認(rèn)識(shí)到外國(guó)公司對(duì)本國(guó)能源及通信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的重要性,這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是充分利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)所必要的。
57.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof________.[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas[B]preventingforeigncapital"scontrol[C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure
[D]acceptingforeigninvestment題型識(shí)別:例證題
題干定位:定位到文中最后一段
思路解析:例子是為主題服務(wù)的關(guān)鍵是要找到例子所對(duì)應(yīng)的觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論。文章前兩句話的理解非常重要:
Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.要想利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng),某些貧困國(guó)家必須克服對(duì)國(guó)外投資所持的過時(shí)了的反殖民的種種偏見。那些認(rèn)為外國(guó)投資是對(duì)本國(guó)主權(quán)的侵犯的國(guó)家最好還是研究一下美國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(社會(huì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ))建設(shè)歷史。
解釋一下:這兩句的觀點(diǎn)就是表明,應(yīng)該使用外資。美國(guó)的例子就是說(shuō)明應(yīng)該使用外資。
所以后面關(guān)于美國(guó)人是怎么樣使用外資的就不重要了。選項(xiàng)分析:當(dāng)明確了觀點(diǎn)之后,選項(xiàng)就沒有干擾性了。[D]acceptingforeigninvestment為正確選項(xiàng)。
特別提醒:忽略例子本身,關(guān)注其所對(duì)應(yīng)的觀點(diǎn)。
47.
從基礎(chǔ)班到強(qiáng)化班我們要做什么?
我們?cè)诨A(chǔ)班學(xué)會(huì)了分析一個(gè)句子,學(xué)會(huì)了從一個(gè)句子找到一個(gè)題目的答案。
在強(qiáng)化班上我們需要學(xué)會(huì)從讀懂一個(gè)句子上升到讀懂句子和句子之間的聯(lián)系。
很多題目不僅需要讀懂一個(gè)句子,主要是要讀懂句子和句子間的聯(lián)系才能正確的解題。95年第一篇文章的第一個(gè)題目就是這樣的一個(gè)題目:
MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonewideasithelpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedforlabour,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthecostsofmanyservices:withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesasmuch,thepriceofyourtelevisionlicencewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortubewouldcost20percentmore.
51.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat________.[A]heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertising
[B]everybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsuming[C]advertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelse[D]itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising
MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonewideasithelpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedforlabour,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthecostsofmanyservices:withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesasmuch,thepriceofyourtelevisionlicencewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortubewouldcost20percentmore.
51.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat________.[A]heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertising
[B]everybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsuming[C]advertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelse[D]itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising題型識(shí)別:推理題題干定位:第一段
思路解析:初看這個(gè)題目會(huì)定位到第一句,然后對(duì)第一句進(jìn)行句式分析,但是你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于解題是沒有幫助的。句子主干就是:
moneyismoney
這樣四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以成為正確選項(xiàng)。于是你需要了解句子間的關(guān)系。第一句是整個(gè)段落的中心。
后面的句子都是在解釋這句話的。所以問這句話是什么意思,其實(shí)就是問對(duì)后面句子的理解。
這個(gè)段落中第二句,第三句,第四句,第五句是并列的關(guān)系,從并列的句子中可以抽象出的共同點(diǎn)是:在廣告上所花的錢都是正面的。
所以需要尋找的答案是需要放到第一句能起到總起的作用,能對(duì)后面的句子起到概括的作用。
選項(xiàng)分析:能夠放在段落的第一句作為總起句的句子的選項(xiàng)只有:itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising在廣告上花的錢是值得的。
這句之后所接的所有句子才能符合句子和句子間的關(guān)系。
48.
201*年第五篇文章第二題:
Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionwealth,distinction,controloverone"sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition"sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegiveuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.
68.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis________.[A]customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords[B]toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout
[C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal[D]impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition如果僅僅從最后一句話入手大家會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話有兩個(gè)難點(diǎn):第一:?jiǎn)卧~hypocrisy
第二:后面的同位語(yǔ)acase試圖解釋前面的主句,但是情況卻是越解釋越難懂。甚至?xí)萑氲匠鲱}人所設(shè)計(jì)的陷阱
[B]toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout之中,因此通過本句解題不是正確的思路。
思路應(yīng)該是了解前面的句子,理解最后一句和之前句子的關(guān)系。因此正確選項(xiàng)在放在最后一句時(shí)應(yīng)該符合上下文的關(guān)系。
由于出現(xiàn)however,說(shuō)明段落被分為了兩個(gè)部分,最后一句是在轉(zhuǎn)折后,因此只需尋找最后一句和之前兩句的關(guān)系即可:
首先理解之前兩句:Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegiveuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.(受教育的人從ambition中獲益后卻聲稱放棄了ambition作為一個(gè)理想。)
最后一句開頭寫的是:thisis...說(shuō)明是對(duì)前兩句的總結(jié)。因此知道最后一句是對(duì)于前兩句話的總結(jié)。(回想一下昨天的題目,第一句是對(duì)后面句子的
總結(jié))
答案就應(yīng)該是一句能概括前面這種現(xiàn)象的句子:
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能很好概括前兩句話的選項(xiàng)只能是:[C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal
這本就是一種不誠(chéng)實(shí)(dishonest),也就是原文中所說(shuō)的虛偽(hypocrisy)。其他選項(xiàng)都不能起能起到這個(gè)作用,并且即使是就選項(xiàng)論選項(xiàng),也有表述的錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)的:customaryD選項(xiàng)的impractical都是文中沒有談及的。
特別說(shuō)明:
這個(gè)題目相當(dāng)于是這樣的解題模式:
第一句,第二句,第三句,請(qǐng)?zhí)钊胍痪洌ǹ偨Y(jié)句)。
ABCD
那個(gè)選項(xiàng)正確?
49.
繼續(xù)昨天所講的解題模式:
Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind"slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheidealofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.51.Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat________.[A]peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyestoreality[B]theblindcouldbehappierthanthesighted[C]over-excitedpeopletendtoneglectvitalthings[D]fascinationmakespeoplelosetheireyesight
Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind"slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheidealofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.
在重大技術(shù)所創(chuàng)造的東西中很少能像大型水壩這樣讓人癡迷的?赡苷且?yàn)槿祟愰L(zhǎng)期遭受旱澇災(zāi)害的擺布才使得人們治理江河、供我驅(qū)策的理想如此令人癡迷。但讓人著迷有時(shí)也就使人盲目。有幾個(gè)巨型大壩項(xiàng)目就有弊大于利的危險(xiǎn)。51.Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat________.[A]peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyestoreality[B]theblindcouldbehappierthanthesighted[C]over-excitedpeopletendtoneglectvitalthings[D]fascinationmakespeoplelosetheireyesight這個(gè)題目的模式就是:第二句,(請(qǐng)?zhí)钊胍痪淠軌驅(qū)⑶昂缶溥B接起來(lái)),第四句代入之后能符合的只有第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
只要掌握了這樣的解題模式,題目會(huì)很容易解答。50.
InBritainandJapaninflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedatthe
endoflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.
69.Thesentence"Thisisnoflashinthepan"(line4,paragraph3)meansthat________.[A]thelowinflationratewilllastforsometime[B]theinflationratewillsoonrise[C]theinflationwilldisappearquickly[D]thereisnoinflationatpresent
InBritainandJapaninflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.
去年年底,英國(guó)和日本的通貨膨脹率實(shí)際上比預(yù)測(cè)的要低半個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。這不是曇花一現(xiàn)。在過去幾年里,英國(guó)和美國(guó)的通貨膨脹率始終低于預(yù)測(cè)水平。
69.Thesentence"Thisisnoflashinthepan"(line4,paragraph3)meansthat________.[A]thelowinflationratewilllastforsometime[B]theinflationratewillsoonrise
[C]theinflationwilldisappearquickly[D]thereisnoinflationatpresent題型識(shí)別:詞義題
題干定位:題干中有明確的定位信息
解題思路:直接看這個(gè)句子是看不懂的,承認(rèn)看不懂就好了。這個(gè)道題目依然是這樣的解題模式:第一句,(請(qǐng)?zhí)钊胍痪淠苓B接下一句),第三句
選項(xiàng)分析:能將上下句連接起來(lái)的句子很容易判定出應(yīng)該是:[A]thelowinflationratewilllastforsometime
翻譯出來(lái):
去年年底,英國(guó)和日本的通貨膨脹率實(shí)際上比預(yù)測(cè)的要低半個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。(低的通脹率將會(huì)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間)。在過去幾年里,英國(guó)和美國(guó)的通貨膨脹率始終低于預(yù)測(cè)水平。
51.
201*年第二篇文章最后一題:(也是同學(xué)們之前做過的題目,現(xiàn)在從頭看感覺應(yīng)該不一樣呢)Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain"sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalentedandhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicatedthanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan"tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon"tknowquitehowwedoit.
50.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare________.[A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure
[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately
[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment
Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain"sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalentedandhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicatedthanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan"tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon"tknowquitehowwedoit.
在試圖建造思維模型的過程中,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),人類大腦中的近1000億個(gè)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞要比以前想像的更聰明,人類的感覺器官也比以前想像的更復(fù)雜。他們建造的機(jī)器人在嚴(yán)格控制的工廠環(huán)境里,能夠在儀表盤上識(shí)別毫米以下的誤差。但是人的大腦能夠掃描一個(gè)快速變化的場(chǎng)景,迅速排除98%的不相干的物體,立即聚焦于森林中婉蜒道路旁的一只猴子,或者人群中的一張可疑的臉。地球上最先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)也不能仿效這種能力,并且神經(jīng)學(xué)科學(xué)家仍然不知道我們是怎樣做到這一點(diǎn)的。
50.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare________.[A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately
[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment題型識(shí)別:例證題題干定位:最后一段
解題思路:把握段落主題:Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain"sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalentedandhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicatedthanpreviouslyimagined.
在試圖建造思維模型的過程中,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),人類大腦中的近1000億個(gè)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞要比以前想像的更聰明,人類的感覺器官也比以前想像的更復(fù)雜。說(shuō)明人要比機(jī)器人聰明。這個(gè)例子就應(yīng)該說(shuō)明機(jī)器人不如人聰明。選項(xiàng)分析:說(shuō)明機(jī)器人不如人聰明的選項(xiàng)只有第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合。52.
1999年第三篇文章
Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.Itis,however,presumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientists,somanybusinessmen,somanyaccountants.Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations.對(duì)適當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)生實(shí)行職業(yè)教育也有道理。歐洲的許多學(xué)校很早就引進(jìn)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)的概念,以確保兒童具備欲從事的職業(yè)所需的技能。然而,去臆斷科學(xué)家、商人、會(huì)計(jì)職位的數(shù)量是武斷的。此外,在我們這么大的一個(gè)國(guó)家里,經(jīng)濟(jì)延展到這么多的州,涉及到這么多的國(guó)際公司,因而要按照數(shù)量培養(yǎng)出所需要的各類專業(yè)人員是不太可能的。
presumptuous(專橫的,自以為是的)看作presumpt(ion)假設(shè)+uous形容詞后綴,“只憑假設(shè)就給人下結(jié)論的”→自以為是的。
61.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor"scountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis________.
[A]dependentuponthestartingageofcandidates[B]worthtryinginvarioussocialsections[C]oflittlepracticalvalue
[D]attractivetoeverykindofprofessional
題型識(shí)別:推理題
題干定位:根據(jù)題干中的Europeanmodel比較容易定位第三段。思路解析:段落中出現(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)折,作為推理題應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)折后。Itis,however,presumptuous.武斷的;Besides,thisisunlikely不肯定
作者給出了負(fù)評(píng)價(jià);至于具體的信息不用了解也可以做題;
選項(xiàng)分析:能對(duì)負(fù)評(píng)價(jià)進(jìn)行同意替換的選項(xiàng)是[C]oflittlepracticalvalue為正確選項(xiàng)[A]dependentuponthestartingageofcandidates轉(zhuǎn)折前的內(nèi)容,且不符合原文表述[B]worthtryinginvarioussocialsections正評(píng)價(jià),且無(wú)依據(jù),排除[D]attractivetoeverykindofprofessional正評(píng)價(jià),且無(wú)依據(jù),排除
特別提示:推理題請(qǐng)多關(guān)注段落中的轉(zhuǎn)折!
53.
1999年第三篇文章第四題:
But,forasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewell-developedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.Ofcourse,thebasicsofusinganycomputerthesedaysareverysimple.Itdoesnottakealifelongacquaintancetopickupvarioussoftwareprograms.Ifonewantedtobecomeacomputerengineer,thatis,ofcourse,anentirelydifferentstory.Basiccomputerskillstakeattheverylongestacoupleofmonthstolearn.Inanycase,basiccomputerskillsareonlycomplementary
tothehostofrealskillsthatarenecessarytobecominganykindofprofessional.Itshouldbeobserved,ofcourse,thatnoschool,vocationalornot,ishelpedbyaconfusionoveritspurpose.
62.Accordingtotheauthor,basiccomputerskillsshouldbe________.[A]includedasanauxiliarycourseinschool
[B]highlightedinacquisitionofprofessionalqualifications[C]masteredthroughalife-longcourse
[D]equallyemphasizedbyanyschool,vocationalorotherwise
But,forasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewell-developedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.Ofcourse,thebasicsofusinganycomputerthesedaysareverysimple.Itdoesnottakealifelongacquaintancetopickupvarioussoftwareprograms.Ifonewantedtobecomeacomputerengineer,thatis,ofcourse,anentirelydifferentstory.Basiccomputerskillstakeattheverylongestacoupleofmonthstolearn.Inanycase,basiccomputerskillsareonlycomplementarytothehostofrealskillsthatarenecessarytobecominganykindofprofessional.Itshouldbeobserved,ofcourse,thatnoschool,vocationalornot,ishelpedbyaconfusionoveritspurpose.但是對(duì)少數(shù)學(xué)生而言,職業(yè)培訓(xùn)也許是可取之路,因?yàn)樵谄渌蛩叵嗤那闆r下,熟練的技能是能否得到工作的關(guān)鍵。當(dāng)然,目前計(jì)算機(jī)的基本操作非常簡(jiǎn)單。不需要花畢生的時(shí)間去熟悉各種不同的軟件程序的使用。當(dāng)然如果想成為一名計(jì)算機(jī)工程師,事情就完全不同了;镜挠(jì)算機(jī)技能最長(zhǎng)也只需一兩個(gè)月即學(xué)會(huì)。不管怎樣,基本的計(jì)算機(jī)技能只是對(duì)成為專業(yè)技術(shù)人員所需的各種實(shí)際技能的補(bǔ)充。當(dāng)然應(yīng)該看到的是,不管是職業(yè)學(xué)校、還是普通學(xué)校,混淆計(jì)算機(jī)教學(xué)的目的,都不會(huì)受益。
62.Accordingtotheauthor,basiccomputerskillsshouldbe________.[A]includedasanauxiliarycourseinschool
[B]highlightedinacquisitionofprofessionalqualifications[C]masteredthroughalife-longcourse
[D]equallyemphasizedbyanyschool,vocationalorotherwise題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:此題為最后一題,優(yōu)先定位到最后一段中倒數(shù)第二句:
Inanycase,basiccomputerskillsareonlycomplementarytothehostofrealskillsthatarenecessarytobecominganykindofprofessional.思路解析:典型的細(xì)節(jié)題的解題思路;
選項(xiàng)分析:能和線索句構(gòu)成同意替換的選項(xiàng)只有A選項(xiàng)
其中auxiliary是對(duì)于原文詞匯complementary的同意替換。其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)和原文表述不一致,比較容易排除。
54.
1996年第三篇文章第二題:
Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury"capital"and"labour"wereenlargingandperfecting
theirrivalorganisationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.
Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenineteenthcentury,America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld"smovementtowardsindustrialisation.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge"comfortable"classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders"meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand"shareholding"meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.
60.Thegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin________.[A]theseparationofcapitalfrommanagement[B]theownershipofcapitalbymanagers
[C]theemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwoclasses[D]theparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalbusiness貼出解析:
1996年第三篇文章:
Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury"capital"and"labour"wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganisationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.
Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenineteenthcentury,America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld"smovementtowardsindustrialisation.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge"comfortable"classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders"meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand"shareholding"meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.
60.Thegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin________.[A]theseparationofcapitalfrommanagement[B]theownershipofcapitalbymanagers
[C]theemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwoclasses[D]theparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalbusiness題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:定位到第二段開頭。
Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.
但是這句話本身并沒有答案!只有尋找下一句為結(jié)果:
Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.這是一句長(zhǎng)難句:
有限責(zé)任公司及市政企業(yè)的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了重大后果。對(duì)資本與企業(yè)的如此大規(guī)模的非個(gè)人操縱大大地增加了作為一個(gè)階級(jí)的持股人的數(shù)量及其地位的重要性。他們?cè)趪?guó)民生活中代表著非責(zé)任性的財(cái)富,與土地及土地所有者責(zé)任相分離,幾乎也同樣與企業(yè)的責(zé)任經(jīng)營(yíng)相分離。
其主干為:Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass.
之后的為同位語(yǔ):anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.與企業(yè)的責(zé)任經(jīng)營(yíng)相分離。這句話是解題的關(guān)鍵;
思路解析:典型的細(xì)節(jié)題解題思路,已知原因找結(jié)果。
選項(xiàng)分析:[B]theownershipofcapitalbymanagers所有權(quán)不是經(jīng)理的。排除
[C]theemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwoclasses第一段第一句就談到了兩股勢(shì)力在各自發(fā)展了,因此不可能是說(shuō)才剛出現(xiàn)。[D]theparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalbusiness移花接木,視覺干擾。[A]theseparationofcapitalfrommanagement這是對(duì)剛才同位語(yǔ)的同意替換。55
同樣是1996年的第三篇文章第一題,這一次加上翻譯哦:)昨天忘加了抱歉:)同樣的是細(xì)節(jié)題:)
Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury"capital"and"labour"wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganisationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonly
spoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.
59.It"strueoftheoldfamilyfirmsthat________.[A]theywerespoiledbytheyoungergenerations[B]theyfailedforlackofindividualinitiative
[C]theylackedefficiencycomparedwithmoderncompanies[D]theycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayers
Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury"capital"and"labour"wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganisationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.
19世紀(jì)后半葉,“資方”和“勞方”按現(xiàn)代方式不斷擴(kuò)大和完善各自相對(duì)立的組織。許多舊式
公司被責(zé)任有限公司所取代,由領(lǐng)薪經(jīng)理構(gòu)成其管理機(jī)構(gòu)。這種變革通過聘用大量專業(yè)人員來(lái)適應(yīng)新時(shí)代的技術(shù)要求,并防止了效率的降低,而在過去這種低效率使得許多舊式家族企業(yè)在精力充沛的創(chuàng)業(yè)者之后的第二、三代手中破產(chǎn)倒閉。而且這也是公司擺脫個(gè)體創(chuàng)造,走向集體化和市營(yíng)、國(guó)營(yíng)邁出的一步。鐵路公司,雖然仍是為股東謀利的私有企業(yè),但還是與舊家族企業(yè)大不相同了。與此同時(shí),大城市也開始涉足實(shí)業(yè)界,為納稅人提供照明、電車及其他服務(wù)。
59.It"strueoftheoldfamilyfirmsthat________.[A]theywerespoiledbytheyoungergenerations
[B]theyfailedforlackofindividualinitiative
[C]theylackedefficiencycomparedwithmoderncompanies
[D]theycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayers題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:根據(jù)oldfamilyfirms可以定位到第一段的若干句關(guān)于oldfamilyfirm的句子解題思路:典型的細(xì)節(jié)題解題思路
選項(xiàng)分析:用四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別和原文句子比對(duì),同意替換的為正確選項(xiàng),其他的排除;[A]theywerespoiledbytheyoungergenerations被年輕一代給毀了;
這個(gè)選項(xiàng)看上去很符合我的常規(guī)的認(rèn)識(shí):富不過三代,并且用了視覺干擾,這是畢金獻(xiàn)早年出題的風(fēng)格,顯得有點(diǎn)小猥瑣。
原文:thatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgeneration.這里的that指代的是前面的詞組:declineinefficiency;因此可以知道毀掉公司的是效率的下降;時(shí)間是在第二和第三代,但不是第二和第三代毀掉公司的。(移花接木)
[D]theycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayers能提供足夠的服務(wù)給納稅人。
原文:thegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.移花接木
[B]theyfailedforlackofindividualinitiative他們由于缺乏個(gè)體的動(dòng)力因此失敗了。
原文:Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative說(shuō)明之前是不缺乏individualinitiative的;(移花接木)
[C]theylackedefficiencycomparedwithmoderncompanies
原文:declineinefficiencysocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirms.缺乏效率毀掉了他們,被現(xiàn)代公司所取代,所以現(xiàn)代公司效率更高!完美的同意替換;從有到無(wú)也是一種比較;56.
繼續(xù)96年第三篇文章第三題:
The"shareholders"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlabourwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganisationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother"sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.
61.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueexceptthat________.[A]theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsoftheworkers
[B]theoldfirmownershadabetterunderstandingoftheirworkers[C]thelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothly[D]thetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiverole
The"shareholders"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlabourwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganisationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother"sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.
61.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueexceptthat________.[A]theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsoftheworkers[B]theoldfirmownershadabetterunderstandingoftheirworkers[C]thelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothly[D]thetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiverole題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:這是文章的第三題,優(yōu)先定位第三段。
解題思路:典型的細(xì)節(jié)題解題思路,尋找文中沒有談及的或者錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng);用選項(xiàng)和原文一一比對(duì)。
選項(xiàng)分析:[A]theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsoftheworkers
股東不了解工人的需求
原文:The"shareholders"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares.hadnoknowledge=unawareof完美的同意替換
[B]theoldfirmownershadabetterunderstandingoftheirworkers老的家庭企業(yè)的擁有者更理解他們的工人。
原文:evenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhad
現(xiàn)在的職業(yè)經(jīng)理人所擁有的知識(shí)都沒有之前的企業(yè)主所擁有了解多。
完美的同意替換
[D]thetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiverole工會(huì)似乎在扮演一個(gè)正面的角色
原文:theincreasingpowerandorganisationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.能平等的面對(duì)經(jīng)理,可以替換為正面的角色。
[C]thelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothly有限責(zé)任公司太大了以至于無(wú)法順利的運(yùn)作
原文:Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.
確實(shí),參與的工人的數(shù)量太多了以至于這種個(gè)人關(guān)系是不可能的
這是典型的移花接木選項(xiàng),因此這正是原文沒有提及的內(nèi)容,所以答案選擇C.56.
題目還是要發(fā)的,95年第二篇文章第一題:
Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonal
growthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,the
studentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguagealltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohave
measurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.
55.Apersonisgenerallybelievedtoachievepersonalgrowthwhen________.[A]hehasgivenuphissmokinghabit[B]hehasmadegreateffortsinhiswork[C]heiskeenonlearninganythingnew
[D]hehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourney
Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonal
growthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,the
studentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguagealltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.
55.Apersonisgenerallybelievedtoachievepersonalgrowthwhen________.[A]hehasgivenuphissmokinghabit
[B]hehasmadegreateffortsinhiswork[C]heiskeenonlearninganythingnew
[D]hehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourney
題型識(shí)別:細(xì)節(jié)題
題干定位:根據(jù)題目順序和題干中的關(guān)鍵詞generallybelieved可以定位到第一段;Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.
人們通常會(huì)把個(gè)人的成長(zhǎng)當(dāng)成是外在的成長(zhǎng)或者是容易被確定和測(cè)量的產(chǎn)品。
思路解析:細(xì)節(jié)題中的演繹題,即文章中給出一個(gè)結(jié)論,根據(jù)結(jié)論來(lái)判斷選項(xiàng)中的具體信息是否符合原文的定義。
選項(xiàng)分析:[D]hehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourney他試著確定他在路程中的哪里這不是外在的可以被測(cè)量的,排除;[C]heiskeenonlearninganythingnew這也不是外在的和可被測(cè)量的,排除;[B]hehasmadegreateffortsinhiswork這也不是外在的和可被測(cè)量的,排除;[A]hehasgivenuphissmokinghabit這是外在的且是可以被測(cè)量的,入選;57.
96年第一篇第一題:(關(guān)注句子間的關(guān)系)
Tight-lippedeldersusedtosay,"It"snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget."
Psychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings.
51.Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,"It"snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget"?
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