個人考博英語作文總結(jié)

如何開頭?

1.

Itisahottopicinrecentyearswhetherto(offercollegeadmissiontoevery

highschoolgraduate)orto(selectexcelletstudentsbymeansofexaminations.)

2.

Nowadaysitisquitecommonforpeopleto(writetheirownorvisitother’s

microblog.)

3.

Atpresent,facedwithhugeloadsofpressure,manyyoungpeoplearebusy(making

money).Asaresult,(theydonothavethetimeandmoodtoconsidertheirpersonalaffairs,)especially(marriage,)whichmakes(theirparentsworried.)

4.

Inrecentyears,peoplearemoreandmoreconcernedabout(food

safetyinchina.)

5.Itisnodenyingthefactthat(thecomputer,atypicalrepresentativeofhighscienceandtechnology,hasplayedadominantroleinourdailylives,whichhasnotonlymadeitconvenientforustoaccomplishcomplicatedtasks,butalsogreatlyinprovedourworkefficiency.)

However,wecannotgototheextremeandcometotheconclusionthat…

直陳觀點(diǎn)！

1.Inmyperspective,(tostopthespreadofthisphenomenonbothteachersandstudents

shouldbeinvolved.)

2.AsfarasIamconcerned…,3.Personallyspeaking…,4.Inmyopinion…

觀點(diǎn)陳列

1.tobeginwith,then,forthermore,finally2.tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally

3.firstandforemost,moreover/besides,lastbutnotleast4.firstofall,secondly,finally5.ontheonehand,ontheotherhand6.foronething,foranotherthing

結(jié)尾。

1.Fromtheabovediscussion,wecanconclude(cometheconclusion)that………..

Ibelieve,throughthosemetheds,thatthesituationisboundtoimprove.

2.tosumup/allinall…..

特殊句型

1.Itiswrong/ofgreatimportance/morllywrongandshamefulforsbtodosth.2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

1.Inthelongrun,itisstudentswhoarethevictims

2.But,weshouldalwaysbearinmindthat,itistheteacher’sknowledgethatcanhelpstudentstomakegreatachievements.

3.Itisthewisdomandthecreativeideasoftheteachersthatwouldhelpthestudentstobroadentheirscopeofknowledgeandenlargetheirvisions.3.Notonly…butalso….

1.Itisnodenyingthefactthat(thecomputer,atypicalrepresentativeofhighscienceandtechnology,hasplayedadominantroleinourdailylives,whichhasnotonlymadeitconvenientforustoaccomplishcomplicatedtasks,

butalsogreatlyinprovedourworkefficiency.)2.tocurbthisphenomenon,

notonly

theteachersshouldimprovethequalityofassignmentsbutthestudentsoughttostrengthentheawarenessofhonestyaswell.

4倒裝

Onlyinthiswaycanthesituationofcutandpasteinformationbe

eliminatedcompletely.5雙重否定

Wearenotabletoeducatestudentsinaproperwaywithouttheinstructionand

enlightenmentofthoseeducators.

必備策略

1.舉例子（1.單例/2.列舉）2.列數(shù)據(jù)

3.做對比(1.相似2.相反3.遞進(jìn))4.實(shí)際上5.因果6.轉(zhuǎn)折………

1.1.Forinstance,…Forexample…..(to)take….asanexample.2.suchas….Andsoon.

3.Forinstance,oneteacheralwaysaskherstudentstodopresentationonclass.In

ordertofinishthetask,thestudentshavetofindvariousresources,includingsurfingontheInternet.However,thereisnowaytocutandpasteinformationfromtheInternetinthatthestudentsarerequiredtodotheperformancebythemselves.Consequently,thestudentsareabletomastertheknowledgeandbroadentheirscopeofhorizonatthesametime.

2.1.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about78.9%ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheirstudyaftertheirgraduation.2.Infact,thenumberofitssubscribershassoaredfromlessthan14%toover40%withinayear.3.1.similarly,…2.Onthecontrary,

inaappropriateway.

thesophisticatedandexperiencedteachersdohavethe

capabilitiestotackleallkindsofproblemsthatmayoccurandmakequikeresponsetosolvethem3.Somepapersareevenfoundtobetheoriginalversionwithouttheslightestchanges.4.Actually,….Asamatteroffact….Infact5.DuetoBecause(of)

AsaresultConsequentlyTherefore6.HoweverNeverthelessNotwithstanding

廢話連篇

1.Ratherthan….Insteadof…..2.Thatistosay

3.ObviouslyConspicuously4.GenerallyspeakingInbrief5.with….……

擴(kuò)展閱讀：考博英語寫作總結(jié)

考博英語寫作總結(jié)

201*-2-11

一、考核要求及分析

1、寫作體型：主要為“命題作文”、“看圖作文”、尤其“議論文”2、評分等級：2-5,7-9,10-12,13-15

3、試題分析：主考兩方面的基本功較強(qiáng)的英語表達(dá)能力，關(guān)心時(shí)政勤于思考

（1）考題特點(diǎn)：選題范圍貼近生活，尤其“教育、科研”有關(guān)的一般性話題及

“社會熱點(diǎn)話題”：科技類、經(jīng)濟(jì)類、人生觀價(jià)值觀類、社會問題、教育類

（2）文體最主要是議論文，其次是說明文、記敘文和摘要寫作（3）出題方式無/有提綱型標(biāo)題作文，圖表作文，概要寫作A、無提綱型標(biāo)題作文只給題目，自由發(fā)揮：關(guān)鍵“審題”，【步驟】：

①、仔細(xì)分析確，定中心思想，切忌跑題

②、選擇正確的問題（選擇熟悉的內(nèi)容寫，合適的文體，盡量避免用生僻的詞）③、選擇典型材料，擬定合適提綱④、按照提綱寫作B、有提綱型標(biāo)題作文題目+提綱（中文或者英文）關(guān)鍵“緊扣提綱”【步驟】

①、分析題意，確定中心思想、主旨，切忌跑題②審提綱，歸納出文章題目的涵義范圍

③列舉提綱各條目的關(guān)鍵詞，篩選出所需材料④選擇正確的文體

⑤切勿漏掉提綱中任何的一點(diǎn)，內(nèi)容要全C、看圖作文

圖片作文審題、立意、選材；從圖片信息中分辨或者綜合處作文主題的層次【步驟】

①、看清標(biāo)題、要求

②、仔細(xì)審圖，把握每一個細(xì)節(jié)和情節(jié)

③、按照時(shí)間的先后或者原因的主次順序列出提綱④、按照提綱寫作

圖表作文通過圖表提供的數(shù)據(jù)，反映出一件事物的不同方面【步驟】：

①、看清標(biāo)題、要求

②、把握的文字或說明，找出其要表達(dá)的主題

③、比較、歸納各信息，選出最有意義的信息，有側(cè)重的敘述④、通過對圖表的分析，進(jìn)行概括性的評論，或得出結(jié)論[圖表作文最常見的固定的詞匯、句型]：

Ascanbeseenfromthetable……/thetableshows….Asshowninthegraph…/thefiguresshowthat….

Ascanbesimplyproved…./Ashasbeenmentionedbefore….Asiswellknown…/asexpected…./asindicatedbytheresults….

However,itmustbenotedthat…./itshouldbenotedthat…Itmustberealized,however,that….Itisalsointerestingtonotethat….TheratioXtoYis….

D、概要寫作概括能力，審題、立意、選材技巧：

①、忠實(shí)原文，客觀再現(xiàn)主要論點(diǎn)和事實(shí)嚴(yán)格按照原文的次序排列內(nèi)容②、意義完整，表達(dá)清楚，特別注意連接詞的使用

③、語言簡潔，通俗易懂，可借助分詞短語、介詞短語、同位語及定語從句等④、重點(diǎn)突出（相當(dāng)于內(nèi)容提要）抓住文章的主題句、段落的主題句，重要的任務(wù)、

細(xì)節(jié)及結(jié)論等

⑤、不同文體概要學(xué)做的重點(diǎn)：

記敘文抓六要素：when/where/who/what/reason/progress

描寫文描述情感、態(tài)度等：抓住作者的打算、意圖，以壓縮簡化的方式再現(xiàn)

說明文常著重解釋怎么樣“how”，為什么”why”，段落中�？梢娭黝}句、擴(kuò)展句，

故抓主題及重要的事實(shí)及論證。

議論文重點(diǎn)是說理，多用演繹、歸納兩種方法，但是寫概要則均以演繹手法展開。

二、寫作基本方法及技巧重點(diǎn)：解題步驟

1、快速審題審題一定仔細(xì)，防止以偏概全及一詞不懂無從下筆；確定明確立場，列出

提綱（3∽4短句或者句子）2、正文寫作三段式為多，

第一段：開頭引入主題，提出基本立場（34句）【常用開頭寫法】：

（1）用主題句直接點(diǎn)出主題多用于說明文和議論文

（2）引語法（名人名言及諺語等）畫龍點(diǎn)睛，但是要確保無誤（3）提問法（正、反問或自問自答）多用于說明文和議論文（4）通過給關(guān)鍵詞下定義引出話題（5）背景法多用于記敘文和描寫文

第二段：正文1-3段，主題明確。論證充分

（1）段落結(jié)構(gòu)多23部分組成，即“主題句、擴(kuò)展句和結(jié)尾句”

主題句核心，表明作者的態(tài)度或者觀點(diǎn)或意圖等，為段落的中心思想（特別注意*一個

段落一個中心思想）

擴(kuò)展句圍繞主題句進(jìn)行敘述、說明或論述

結(jié)尾句多一句話，對整個段落的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納、總結(jié)，和主題句呼應(yīng)，以及承上啟下（2）段落發(fā)展的方法7種

①、列舉法主要為一系列的論據(jù)【常用連接詞】：foronething;foranother;finally;besides;moreover;oneanother;stillanother;first;second;last;also;tobeginwith;next;still;onone/anotherhand;②、按照時(shí)間、空間順序發(fā)展【常用表達(dá)時(shí)空的過渡詞】：first;second;then;before;after;while;when;

finally;afterawhile;aslongas;assoonas;atlast;atthattime;inthemeantime;inthepast;lately;later;meanwhile;until③、舉例法列舉具體的典型的事例來闡述說明主題句的內(nèi)容，是為列舉法的一種，是文

章更充實(shí)和富有內(nèi)涵【常用連接詞】：forexample/instance;oneexampleis….;thefollowingexample;besides;furthermore;moreover;afterall;inaddition/fact;ofcourse;specifically;suchas;toillustrate;asanillustration;inotherwords;asfollows;letmeciteasproof;tosubstantiate;④、對比法或比較法通過比較同類的事物以更清楚的表現(xiàn)所述對象間的異同和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)、【對比法常用連接詞】：similarly;also;likewise;yet;but;however;unlike;resemble;resembalance;parallel;otherwise;both;incomparison;comparedwith;ontheotherhand;incontrastto;opposedto;contrastedwith;onthecontrary;incontrast;aswellas;tobeparallelin…;⑤、分類法用于闡述莫一概念，通過分門別類。分別加于敘述【分類法常用連接詞】：kind;sort;type;group;factors;class;classify;contain;classification;category;divide;division;regions;bases;constitute;attributes;belongsto;fallinto;accordingto;withrespectto;therebe;consistof;include;compose;becomposedof;comprise;becomprised;makeup;⑥、因果分析法解釋某事發(fā)生的原因和結(jié)果【常用連接詞】：because;so;asaresult;accordingly;consequently;thus;hence;then;therefore;forthispurpose;forthisreason;dueto;inthecase;thatbeingso;inthesecircumstance;leadto;resultfrom/in;arisingfromthis;sothat⑦、定義法對某一事物進(jìn)行解釋說明。以擴(kuò)展段落并引導(dǎo)更直接的認(rèn)識（尤其科普文）【常用連接詞】：thatis;mean;call;bedefinedas;beregardas;referto;standfor;⑧、重復(fù)法步步緊逼，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，有感染力

第三段：結(jié)尾段概括全文，重申立場，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)或肯定文章的中心思想，同時(shí)展望未來或提出建議或提出令人深思的問題或今后的方向（34句）【常用寫法】：

A、重新措辭，重?cái)⒅黝}思想（強(qiáng)調(diào)突出作用）B、做出結(jié)論C、用反問結(jié)尾（也是強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，引發(fā)思考）D、使用引語（更有意境）E、提出展望或建議

3、仔細(xì)檢查側(cè)重點(diǎn)：（1）、重新審題有無跑題（2）、文章結(jié)構(gòu)有無開頭。正文和結(jié)尾，每段又沒有主題句（多在每段的開頭或結(jié)尾）（3）、每段有無主題，立場是否明確（4）、展開恰當(dāng)否舉例是否恰當(dāng)，有無連接詞，句式有無變化等（5）、語言表達(dá)如何是否每句話都有謂語；時(shí)態(tài)是否一致（多現(xiàn)在時(shí)）；主謂是否一致；詞性是否準(zhǔn)確；拼寫是否準(zhǔn)確等

4、段落寫作的提高：（1）、寫好段落的三個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

統(tǒng)一性一段一個主題，一篇文章一個中心思想，所有的句子都圍繞主題展開完整性若干擴(kuò)展句

連貫性句子排列符合邏輯（包括意連和形連）

意連：內(nèi)在的邏輯性，有機(jī)的聯(lián)系；其排列方式按“間先后、位置遠(yuǎn)近、邏輯關(guān)系”包括按照“要性或一般到特殊或特殊到一般”順序）形連：使用轉(zhuǎn)換詞，使行文流暢【常用的轉(zhuǎn)換詞】：first：so;though;and;besides;both;and;because;however;finally;consequently;inparticular;asaresult;

（3）文章的過渡過渡詞或可起過渡作用的代詞、同義詞、連接詞及詞的重復(fù)【常用的過渡詞】

A、文章開始常用的過渡詞或句子

Tobeginwith;generallyspeaking;firstofall;recently;

withthedevelopment/progress/growthofeconomy/societyB、文章結(jié)尾常用的過渡詞或句子

Inconclusion;inbrief;inaword;itishightimethat…;itisonlywhen…that…C、表示“先后次序”常用的過渡詞或句子

First;second;third…;tobeginwith…;moreover;finally…;meanwhile;sincethan;

therefore;D、表示“因果關(guān)系及分析原因”常用的過渡詞或句子Asaresult;dueto;consequently;

Onemaycriticize…for…,buttherealcaseof…liesdeeper;Among…reasons,oneshouldbeemphasizedthat…E、表示“比較和對比”常用的詞

Unlike;incontrast;ontheotherhand;likewise;similarly最常談?wù)摰脑掝}mosttalk-ofsubject

5、寫作中常出現(xiàn)的幾種錯誤有損連貫性的幾種情況

（1）不必要的時(shí)態(tài)改變事實(shí)：寫作文時(shí)多一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且前后一致（2）不必要的單復(fù)數(shù)改變（3）不必要的人稱改變

三、寫作常用表達(dá)方式小結(jié)：

1、常用連接詞：

A、表層次firstfirstlyinthefirstplacetobeginwithtostartwithSecondsecondlyfurthermorealsothennextbesides

equallyimportanttomoreoverinaddition

thirdthirdlywhat’smorelastbutnotleastfinally

B、表轉(zhuǎn)折bycontrastincontrastwith/toonthecontraryontheotherhandAlthoughthoughyetbutdespitethefactthatevenso/thoughNeverthelessforallthathoweverinspiteofotherwisebesides

inadditionregardless

C、表因果becauseofconsequentlyforthereasoncluetohencethereforethusowningtososinceasforaccordinglythankstoonthis/thataccountinthiswayasaresultasaconsequence

D、表讓步stillneverthelessinspiteofallthesameofcoursedespite

evensoafterall

E、表遞進(jìn)furthermoremoreoverlikewisewhatismorebesidesalso

notonly…butalso…tooinaddition

F、表舉例forexampleforinstanceforonethingthatistoillustrate

asanillustrationacaseinpoint

G、表解釋inotherwordsasamateroffactfranklyspeakinginthiscasenamelyH、表總結(jié)insummarytosummarizeinconclusioninawordinbriefinfact

inshortashasbeensaidinsimplertermsthatisinparticularinotherwordsofcourseonthewholetoptitdifferentlyinallthusaltogetherindeedthereforenamely2、常用句型A、文章開頭：

Discussiontodayissue①、thereisageneralabout/astothe/ofpeoplewhoMuchnowadaysproblemobjectto(stiffdoing,stiffsbdoingsth)

oppose(sth/sb/whatclause)arguethat…h(huán)owever/ontheotherhand,argue

arefor

peoplewhobelievethat…advocate

believethinkof②、whenitcomestomost/manypeoplethinkthat…butotherpeopleconsider…differentlyArgueregardBeginningbelieve.

③、nowpeopleingrowingnumbersarecomingtorealizethat……Gettingbeawarethink

④、althoughmanypeoplebelievethat……Imaintainthat……Insist

Widelybelief⑤、contrarytocommonlyheldideathatIbelievethatGenerallyopinion

Recentstudyindicates

⑥、anewsurveyconducted/takenrevealsthat…..NationwidepollsuggestsprovesB、文章結(jié)尾

Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabovedraw

①、takingintoconsiderationallthesefactors,wemaysafelyreachtheconclusionthat…

JudgingfromtheevidenceofferedcometoEvidencesupports

②、alltheanalysisjustifiestheconclusionthatShows

Greattheimprovement

③、itishightimethatweplaced/putemphasisondevelopmentof…Specialincrease

Effectiveactionsprevent④、itisnecessary/essentialthatappropriatestepsshouldbetakentocorrectthe..PropermeasuresendC、習(xí)慣用語主要是用it做形式主語的句型表達(dá)習(xí)慣用語如人們、大家、有人或應(yīng)該說、

必須指出及已經(jīng)證明等；

Itisconsidered(orthought)that……人們（有人或者大家）認(rèn)為…..

Itisgenerally(usually)accepted(oragreed,recognized)that……普遍（一般或通常）認(rèn)為…Itisbelievethat…..人們（大家，有人）相信…..Itiswellknown…..眾所周知

Itislearned(supposed)that…據(jù)悉(推測)…..

Itisestimated(predicted,calculated)that…..據(jù)估計(jì)你（預(yù)計(jì)）……Itisreportedthat……..據(jù)報(bào)道……

Itmustbepointedoutthat….必須指出……

Itmust(should)beadmittedthat….必須（應(yīng)該）承認(rèn)Itwillbeseenthat……可見…..

Itwillbeseenfromthisthat….由此可見……

Itisunderstoodthat……不用說（誰都知道）……Itcannotbedeniedthat……無可否認(rèn)….Ithasbeenprovedthat……已經(jīng)證明……Itmaybeconfirmedthat…..可以肯定…..

Itmaybesafelysaidthat….可以有把握的說….Itissometimesaskedthat…..人們有時(shí)會問…..Itisexpected(hoped)that….人們希望…..

Itisnoexaggerationtosaythat…….毫不夸張的說…..

四、各專業(yè)領(lǐng)域?qū)�業(yè)表達(dá)

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Networkadministrator網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理員

InternetserviceproviderISP網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者NetworkcomputerNC網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算機(jī)

MultimediapersonalcomputerMPC多媒體個人電腦PlugandplayPNP即插即用Dial-upconnection撥號連接Homepage主頁Firewall防火墻Floppydisk軟磁盤Hardware硬件Certification認(rèn)證

Confidentiality機(jī)密性、保密性Bluetooth藍(lán)牙技術(shù)Generationthree3-G

Shortmessageservice短信服務(wù)

Roaming漫游

GlobalsystemformobilecommunicationGSM全球移動通信系統(tǒng)GeneralpackerradioserviceGPRS通用分組無線業(yè)務(wù)GeneralpositionsystemGPS全球定位系統(tǒng)WirelessfidelityWi-Fi無限保真2、航空詞匯

Mannedspaceship/spacecraft載人飛船Mannedspaceflight載人航天

Mannedspaceprogram載人航天計(jì)劃Spaceshuttle航天飛機(jī)Unmannedspaceship/spacecraft無人飛船Experimentalspacecraft實(shí)驗(yàn)太空船Shenzhou(DivineVessel)神舟號Multistagerocket多級火箭Recoverablesatellite返回式衛(wèi)星Communicationsatellite通信衛(wèi)星Remotesensingsatellite遙感衛(wèi)星Weather/meteorologicalsatellite氣象衛(wèi)星

satelliteInSun-synchronousorbit太陽同步軌道衛(wèi)星Carrierrocket;rocketlauncher;launchvehicle運(yùn)載火箭Payloadcapability有效載荷能力Lowearthorbit近地軌道Capsule太空艙Orbitalmodule軌道艙Re-entrymodule返回艙P(yáng)ropellingmodule推進(jìn)艙Commandmodule指令艙Servicemodule服務(wù)艙Launchpad發(fā)射臺

InternationalSpaceStation國際空間站Solarpanel太陽能電池板Lunarrover月球車Outerspace;deepspace外太空MilkWay銀河系

【經(jīng)濟(jì)類作文】

Farming農(nóng)業(yè)Forestry林業(yè)Animalhusbandry畜牧業(yè)Sidelineproduction副業(yè)Fishing漁業(yè)Primaryindustry第一產(chǎn)業(yè)Secondaryindustry第二產(chǎn)業(yè)Tertiaryindustry第三產(chǎn)業(yè)tertiaryeducation高等教育Meansofproduction生產(chǎn)資料Meansoflivelihood/subsistence生活資料Relationsofproduction生產(chǎn)關(guān)系Productiveforces生產(chǎn)力Publicownership公有制Privateownership私有制Ownershipbytheentire/wholepeople全民所有制

Socialistcollectiveownership社會主義集體所有制Foreign-fundedenterprise外資企業(yè)Jointventure合資企業(yè)Cooperativeenterprise合作企業(yè)

Whollyforeignowned/fundedenterprise外商獨(dú)資企業(yè)Economist經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家Socialisteconomy社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)Capitalisteconomy資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)Collectiveeconomy集體經(jīng)濟(jì)plannedeconomy計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)Controlledeconomy管制經(jīng)濟(jì)Ruraleconomics農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)Liberaleconomy自由經(jīng)濟(jì)Mixedeconomy混合經(jīng)濟(jì)Protectionism保護(hù)主義Autarchy閉關(guān)自守

Privatefactor私營成分（部門）Publicfactor公共成分（部門）

Economicchannels經(jīng)濟(jì)渠道Economicbalance經(jīng)濟(jì)平衡Economicfluctuation經(jīng)濟(jì)波動Economicdepression經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退Economicstability經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定Economicpolicy經(jīng)濟(jì)政策Economicrecovery經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇

Economicsituation經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢Economictrend經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢Economicindication經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)Concentration集中Holdingcompany控股公司

Infrastructure基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)

Standardofliving生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，生活水平Purchasingpower,buyingpower購買力Scarcity短缺

Stagnation停滯、蕭條、不景氣Totalproductofsociety社會生產(chǎn)總值GrossNationalProductGNP國民生產(chǎn)總值GrossDomesticProductGDP國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值GDPpercapita人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值

Grossoutputvalueofindustryandagriculture工農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值Nationalincome國民收入

Purchasingpowerparity購買力平價(jià)法Staterevenue財(cái)政收入

Totalvolumeofretailsales社會商品零售總額Generalretailpriceindex社會零售物價(jià)總指數(shù)Percentagepoints百分點(diǎn)

Statemonopolyoverpurchaseandmarking統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷Marketeconomy市場經(jīng)濟(jì)Marketregulation市場調(diào)節(jié)

Optimizeindustrialstructure,ecologicalenvironmentandthequalityofpopulation實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、生態(tài)環(huán)境、人口素質(zhì)“三個優(yōu)化”

Stressprioritiesoveragriculture,transportationandenergysupply,educationandscienceandtechnology抓好農(nóng)業(yè)、交通能源、教育科技“三個基礎(chǔ)”Establishoperationalmechanismofmarketeconomy,rulebylaw,democraticsupervisionandincorruptiblegovernment建立市場經(jīng)濟(jì)、法制、民主監(jiān)督和廉政“三個機(jī)制”

【人生價(jià)值類語言精華】

諺語精粹：

Abadbeginningmakesabadending不善始者不善終Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending善始者善終Abadthingneverdies遺臭萬年

Acandlelightothersandconsumersitself蠟燭照亮了別人卻毀滅了自己Actionspeaklouderthanwords事實(shí)勝于雄辯

Adversitymakesamanwise,notrich逆境出人才（逆境、厄運(yùn)、困難）Afairdeathhonorsthewholelife流芳百世Afaithfulfriendishardtofind知音難覓

Afallintoapit,agininyourwit吃一塹長一智Afoxmaygrowgray,butnevergood江山易改本性難移Afriendinneedisafriendindeed患難見真情

Afriendisneverknowntillamanhasneed需要之時(shí)方知友

Agoodbeginningishalfdone良好的開端是成功的一半Agoodconscienceisasoftpillow不做虧心事，不怕鬼敲門Agoodfameisbetterthanagoodface美名勝過美貌Agreattalkerisagreatliar說大話者多謊言Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen君子之交淡如水

Ajokenevergainsanenemybutlosesafriend戲謔不能化敵為友，之使人失去朋友

Aleopard(母豹)cannotchangeitsspots積習(xí)難改Alightheartliverlong靜以修身

Alittleknowledgeisadangerousthing一知半解，自欺欺人Allgoodthingscometoanend天下沒有不散的筵席Allrivesrunintosea海納百川

AllroadsleadtoRome條條大路通羅馬Allthatendswelliswell結(jié)果好就一切都好Allthatglittersisnotgold閃光的不一定都是金子Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy凡事總是由難而易Amancandonomorethanhecan凡事都應(yīng)該量力而行Amancannotspinandreelatthesametime一心不能二用Amissisasgoodasamile失之毫厘謬以千里Asnowyear,arichyear瑞雪兆豐年Astilltonguemakesawisehead寡言者智

Awordspokenispastrecalling一言既出駟馬難追Ayearsplanstartswithspring一年之計(jì)在于春

Ayoungidler,anoldbegger少壯不努力老大徒傷悲Beswifttohear,slowtospeak聽宜敏捷，言宜緩行Birdsofafeatherflocktogether物以類聚人以群分Bloodisthickerthanwater血濃于水

Cannotseethewoodsfoethetrees一葉障目，不見泰山

Careanddiligencebringluck謹(jǐn)慎和勤奮才能抓住機(jī)遇

Confidenceinyourselfisthefirststepontheroadtosuccess自信是成功的第一步Constantdrippingwearsawayastone水滴石穿，繩鋸木斷Contentisbetterthanriches知足者常樂

Customisasecondnature習(xí)慣是后天養(yǎng)成的Doasyouwouldbedoneby己所不欲勿施于人

Doingisbetterthansaying以其掛在嘴邊上不如落實(shí)在行動上Doitnow機(jī)不可失失不再來Donothingbyhalves凡事不可半途而廢Easiersaidthandone說得容易做的難Evenhomersometimesnods智者千慮必有一失

Everymanforhimself,andthedeviltakesthehindmost人不為己天誅地滅Everymanhashisfaults金無赤足人無完人

Everymanisthearchitectofhisownfortune自己的命運(yùn)自己掌握

Experienceisthefatherofwisdom,andmemorythemother經(jīng)驗(yàn)是智慧之父，記憶是智慧之母

【素質(zhì)品行類】

Able有才能的，能干的Capable有能力的，有才能的Active主動的，活躍的Adaptable實(shí)用性強(qiáng)的

Adroit靈巧的，機(jī)敏的Aggressive有進(jìn)取心的AlertAmbitiousAmiableAmicableAnalyticalApprehensiveAspiringAudaciousCandidCharitableCompetentConfidentConscientiousConsiderateConstructiveContemplativeCooperativeCreativeDashingDedicatedDevotedDiplomaticDisciplinedDiscreetDutifulDynamicEarnestWell-educatedEfficientEnergeticEnthusiasticExpressiveFaithfulForceful

機(jī)靈的

有雄心壯志的

和藹可親的，友善的（amiability）友好的，平心靜氣的善于分析的有理解力的

有志氣的，有抱負(fù)的大膽的，有冒險(xiǎn)精神的正直的寬厚的能勝任的有信心的

認(rèn)真的，自覺的體貼的建設(shè)性的

（contemplate長時(shí)間認(rèn)真思考某事，考慮（sth/doingsth）,

凝視人或物）好沉思的

有合作精神的富有創(chuàng)造力的有一股子沖勁，有拼搏精神的有奉獻(xiàn)精神的","p":{"h":19.367,"w":4.5,"x":297,"y":812.642,"z":1050},"ps":null,"t":"word"Frank直率的、真誠的Frugal儉樸的，節(jié)約的少量的，花錢少的Generous寬宏大量的Genteel有教養(yǎng)的Gentle有禮貌的Hard-working勤勞的Hearty精神飽滿的Honest誠實(shí)的Hospital殷勤的HumbleHumorousImpartialIndependentIndustriousIngeniousInitiativeHaveainquiringmindIntellectiveIntelligentInventiveJustKind-heartedKnowledgeableLearnedLiberalLogicalLoyalMethodicalModestMotivatedObjectiveOpen-mindedOrderlyOriginalPainstakingPracticalPrecisePerseveringPunctualPurposefulQualifiedRationalRealisticReasonable

恭順的，謙恭的，地位卑微的，謙虛的幽默的

公正的有主見的勤奮的有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的首創(chuàng)精神愛動腦筋的有智力的理解力強(qiáng)的

有發(fā)明才能的，有創(chuàng)造力的正直的好心的有見識的精通某門學(xué)問的心胸寬大的條理分明的忠心耿耿的有方法的謙虛的目的明確的客觀的虛心的守紀(jì)律的有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的

辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的實(shí)際的

一絲不茍的不屈不撓的嚴(yán)守時(shí)刻的意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的合格的有理性的實(shí)事求是的講道理的

14

Reliable可信賴的Self-conscious","p【環(huán)境寫作類】

Airquality空氣質(zhì)量atmosphericcomponents大氣成分Atmosphericparticulates大氣顆粒物Atmosphericcirculation大氣環(huán)流Carbondioxide二氧化碳Greenhousegases溫室氣體GreenhouseeffectOzonelayerSolarradiationAirpollutionAirpollutantsAcidrainDepositedparticulatematterFlyashHazeIndoorairpollutionClimaticchangeDroughtGlobalwarmingSealevelriseSeismicactivitySeismicmonitoringVolcanoTerrestrialEcosystemsAgriculturelandAlkalilandsHeathlandsLandcarryingcapacitySedimentationSoilconservationSoildegradationSoilerosionSoilimprovementSoilsalinationAridlandsDesertificationDroughtcontrolAfforestationDeforestationForestconservationForestfires

溫室效應(yīng)臭氧層太陽輻射空氣污染空氣污染物酸雨

沉降的顆粒物飛灰薄煙

室內(nèi)空氣污染氣候變化干旱全球變暖海平面上升地震活動地震監(jiān)測火山

陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)農(nóng)用土地堿地荒地

土地承載能力沉積土壤保持土壤退化土壤侵蝕土壤改良土壤鹽堿化干旱土地沙漠化抗旱

植樹造林森林砍伐森林保護(hù)森林火災(zāi)

Greenbelts綠化帶Reafforestation再造林Revegetation植被恢復(fù)Animalresources動物資源Biologicaldiversity生物多樣性Biologicalresources生物資源

Biospherereserves生物圈保護(hù)區(qū)Ecologicalbalance生態(tài)平衡

Endangeredanimalspecies瀕危動物物種EndangeredplantspeciesFoodchainWildlifeconservationFreshwaterresourcesFreshwaterdegradationRiverpollutionMarineecosystemsMarinepollutionCoastaldevelopmentCoastalenvironmentCoastalerosionMineralresourcesNaturalresourcesNaturalconservationNon-renewableresourcesRenewableresourcesPetroleumresourcesconservationSustainabledevelopmentFamilyplanningGenderissuesHumanpopulationHumanrightsNuclearenergySolarenergyTidalenergyWindenergyRadioactivityHeavymetalsIndustrialeffluentsIndustrialemissionsIndustrialfumesIndustrialnoiseLeadcontamination

17

瀕危植物物種食物鏈

野生生物保護(hù)淡水資源淡水惡化河流污染海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)海洋污染沿海開發(fā)沿海環(huán)境海岸侵蝕礦產(chǎn)資源自然資源自然保護(hù)不可再生資源可再生資源石油資源保護(hù)可持續(xù)發(fā)展計(jì)劃生育性別問題人口人權(quán)核能太陽能潮汐能風(fēng)能放射性重金屬工業(yè)廢水工業(yè)排放物工業(yè)煙塵工業(yè)噪聲鉛污染【經(jīng)典例句】

1、pollutionis,infact,threateningourexistence2、mostofthenoisecomesfromtraffic,factoriesandconstructionsites（建

筑工地）

3、thereisanincreasingloudvoicefromthepubliccallingforfirmaction

againstpollution4、Scientistshavewarnedthatunlesseffectivesolutionsareworkedout,the

problemofpollutionwilleventuallygetoutofhand5、Manyfactoriesdischargeenormousharmfulchemicalintoairandrivers

everyday6、Tokilltheinsects,farmersusealargeamountofinsecticidessoasto

haveabumper(特大的，豐盛的，n，保險(xiǎn)杠)harvest7、Thegasfromcarenginesisverypoisonous,itisamainsourceofair

pollutioninthecities8、Deforestationresultsintheincreaseofglobaltemperatureand

unpleasantchangesofclimate9、Theearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitfor

ourselvesandforourlatergenerations

10、Besides,thetreesandlawnsinourcitieswillinthelongrunhelp

improvethelocalclimate

11、Chinesegovernmenthastakenstrictmeasurestostopcarelessand

indiscriminatefallingoftrees(亂砍亂伐)

12、Therefore,governmentisplayingthemostimportantroleinthe

environmentalprotectiontoday

13、Carsshouldbeequippedwithspecialdevicestoreduceauto

emissions

14、Peasantscanutilizemodernbiologicaltechniquesinsteadof

chemicalfertilizerstogrowcrops

15、Desertcanbeturnedintocultivatedlandbyplantingacertainkind

ofshrub(灌木叢)

16、Recyclingofpaper.steelandplasticisimportantforhelpingprotect

ourenvironment

【社會熱點(diǎn)問題作文常用的詞匯和表達(dá)】

Disadvantagedgroups弱勢群體

Specialemploymentassistanceshouldbegiventodisadvantagedgroups

Transmissionofelectricityfromthewesterntotheeasternregion西電東送Urbansocialsecuritysystem城鎮(zhèn)社會保障體系Subsistenceallowanceforlaid-offworkers下崗職工基本生活費(fèi)Basicpensionsforretirees離退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金Industriesandenterprisesindirestraits特困行業(yè)和企業(yè)陷入可怕的困境，dire極端的，非常的，可怕的Pilotproject試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目Healthcarereform醫(yī)療改革Surplusruralworkers農(nóng)村剩余勞動力Annualstatebudget年度國家預(yù)算

Expenddomesticdemandandconsumption擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，刺激消費(fèi)Bread-and-butterissue生計(jì)問題Townshipenterprise鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)

Accordingtothedemandofdemocratizationandlegalization,positiveeffortshavebeenmadetopromotethereformationofpoliticalsystem

根據(jù)民主化和法制化的要求，積極推進(jìn)政治體制的改革

Theessenceandcoreofsocialistdemocraticpoliticsisthatthepeoplearethemastersandtheyreallyenjoyvariousdemocraticrightsendowedbylaws社會主義民主政治的核心就是人民當(dāng)家作主，真正享有法律賦予的各項(xiàng)民主權(quán)利Massorganization群眾組織Neighborhoodcommittees居委會、

ToensuretheworksofstateorganizationsbeputundersocialsupervisionTodeepentheanticorruptioncampaign深入開展反腐敗斗爭Theconstructionofhonestadministering廉政建設(shè)

Toinvestigateandpunishtheactivitiesviolatingthelawanddiscipline

查處違法違紀(jì)案件

Law-enforcingdepartments執(zhí)法部門

Thelife-longofficialsystemhasbeenabolished廢除領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部終身制

Accordingtothedemandsof“Revolutionizing,JuvenilizingandSpecializing”，alargenumberofyoungandmiddle-agedcadreswithbothabilityandpoliticalintegrityhavebeenpromotedtoleadingpostsofvariouslevels按照革命化、年輕化。專業(yè)化的要求，把一大批德才兼?zhèn)涞闹星嗄旮刹窟x拔到各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位上來Muchattentionhasbeenpaidtoselectcadresfromminoritynationalitiesandfromwomen。Vigorouseffortshavebeenmadetoabsorbpersonagesofdemocraticpartiestoleadingpostsatvariouslevelofgovernments.注重選拔少數(shù)名族干部、婦女干部，積極吸收民主黨派人士進(jìn)入政府各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位

Shakeoffideologicalandstructuralshackles擺脫許多思想上和體制上的禁錮Putupanimpressivefront擺門面

Letahundredflowersblossomandahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend

百花齊放百家爭鳴

Muchremainstobedone百業(yè)待舉Moneyworship拜金主義

TarnishthereputationofthePartyanddegradesocialconduct損害，使變暗，使。。。失去光澤敗壞黨的名聲和社會風(fēng)氣Drawbacks,irregularitiesandproblems弊端、矛盾和問題Avoideconomicdowntown避免經(jīng)濟(jì)滑坡

Oncealawisputintoforce,itmustbeobservedandstrictlyenforcedandviolatorsmustbebroughttojustice有法必依，執(zhí)法必嚴(yán)，違法必究Theonlywayleadingto必由之路Regionalbarriers地區(qū)壁壘Frontierbranchesofscience邊緣科學(xué)Falsificationofaccount編造假賬Raisepricesinadisguisedform變相漲價(jià)Attachequalimportanceto并重

Putwrongstorights撥亂反正Bottleneckindustries薄弱工業(yè)

Imposeunreasonableservicechargesandcollectmoneyforcountlesspurpose不合理收費(fèi)、集資和攤派

Rushintoactionindisregardofobjectiveconditions不顧條件一哄而起Akindofvagueconceptofownership不夠明確的產(chǎn)權(quán)Unhealthywaysandcustoms不良風(fēng)氣Unhealthytendency不正之風(fēng)Takeabolderapproachtoreformandopening-up

改革開放的步子邁得再大一些

Tobedilatory辦事拖拉

Seetoitthatourbasicline,principlesandpoliticsarecontinuedandkeptstable保證基本路線。方針政策的連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性Selfishdepartmentalism本位主義

【教育類】

【常用詞匯與詞組】

【國外教育機(jī)構(gòu)】:

Kindergarten幼兒園

Day-carecenter幼兒園（美國）Nurseryschool托兒所

Primary/elementaryschool小學(xué)（英/美）ElementaryeducationSecondaryschoolJuniorhighschoolSecondaryeducationSeniorhighschoolAttachedmiddleschoolKeyschoolPrivateschoolPublicschoolHighereducationAdulteducationTechnicalschoolShortcourseSeminarOpenuniversityPolytechnicinstituteGraduateschoolSchoolofArtsandSciencesOpenadmission

【教育者頭銜】：

TeachingstaffEducationist/educatorHeadmasterDeputyheadmaster,deputyheadPresidentDeanPrincipalConsultantAssociateprofessorLecturerAssistantLaboratoryassistant，labassistantAdviser/mentorCounselor

初等教育中學(xué)初中

中等教育高中附中重點(diǎn)中學(xué)私立學(xué)校公立學(xué)校高等教育成人教育技校短訓(xùn)班研討班夜大、函大理工學(xué)院/科技大學(xué)研究生院文理學(xué)院免費(fèi)入學(xué)制教育工作者（總稱）教育家

校長（headmistress）副校長大學(xué)校長

學(xué)校分院長，主任中學(xué)校長顧問副教授講師助教實(shí)驗(yàn)員導(dǎo)師輔導(dǎo)老師

21

Schooling教授、授課Privatetutor

","p":{"h"Schooldiscipline校紀(jì)Attendance、participation出勤率Expelsbfromschool開除Tuition學(xué)費(fèi)Miscellaneousexpresses雜費(fèi)Grant-aided助學(xué)金Lectureportfolio講義夾Semester半學(xué)期Schoolyear學(xué)年Term、trimester學(xué)季

Alumnus/alumna校友（男/女）Toplaytruant,toplayhooky逃學(xué)、曠課Tolearnbyheart記住、掌握

【諺語警句】

1、therootsofeducationarebitter,butthefruitissweet_Aristotle2、betterbeunbornthanuntaught,forignoranceistherootofmisfortuneplato,以其不受教育，不如不生，因?yàn)闊o知是不幸的根源3、onlyanationofeducatedpeoplecouldremainfreeThomas

Jefferson只有受過教育的人民組成的國家才能保持自由4、themoreweread,themorewebenefited開卷有益5、Acandlelightsothersandconsumersitself蠟炬成灰淚始干6、Ittakesthreegenerationstomakeagentleman十年樹木百年樹人

【學(xué)習(xí)類】

【常用詞匯和詞組】

新生入學(xué)及入學(xué)后大致過程用語：

1、register、enroll登記、報(bào)到2、openingceremony開學(xué)典禮

3、orientationmeeting學(xué)校綜合情況介紹會4、orientationprogram

關(guān)于學(xué)科的單詞：

1、basiccourse2、specializedcourse3、requiredcourse4、optional/selectivecourse5、literature6、philosophy7、sociology8、linguistics9、psychology10、engineering11、architecture12、law13、economics14、finance15、accounting16、banking17、biochemistry

關(guān)于考試的單詞：

1、open-bookexam2、blue-book3、quiz4、oraltest5、final-examination6、questionpaper7、totake/sit/doanexamination；8、convocationnotice9、examiner10、topassanexamination11、tofailinexamination12、failure13、competitiveexamination

24

新生訓(xùn)練基礎(chǔ)課專業(yè)課必修課選修課文學(xué)哲學(xué)社會學(xué)語言學(xué)心理學(xué)工程學(xué)建筑學(xué)法學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)金融學(xué)會計(jì)學(xué)銀行學(xué)生物化學(xué)開卷考試考卷小測驗(yàn)口試期末考核試卷參加考試考試通知考試者通過考試未通過考試未考好答辯考試

14、reportcard成績單

其他方面：

Poptest抽考Individualstudy自習(xí)Dropout輟學(xué)Quitschool退學(xué)Attendalecture上課Missaclass缺課Cutaclass曠課Torepeatayear留級Courseofstudy學(xué)業(yè)

Swot；grind用功的學(xué)生

【諺語警句】

1、Agoodbookisagoodfriend好書如摯友2、Alittleknowledgeisadangerousthing一知半解自欺欺人3、AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy

只會用功不玩帥，聰明孩子也變傻

3、Byreadingweenrichthemind,byconversationwepolishit

讀書使人充實(shí)，交談使人精明

4、Complacencyistheenemyofstudy學(xué)習(xí)的敵人是自滿5、Everyminutecounts分秒必爭

6、Experienceisthefatherofwisdom,andmemorythemother經(jīng)驗(yàn)是智慧之父，記憶是智慧之母7、Failureisthemotherofsuccess失敗是成功之母

8、Foolslearnnothingfromwisemen,butwisemenlearnmuchfromfools愚者不學(xué)無術(shù)，智者不恥下問

9、Geniusisnothingbutlaboranddiligence天才不過是勤奮而已10、Industryistheparentofsuccess勤奮是成功之母11、Itisthefirststepthatcoststroublesome萬事開頭難

12、Thefirststepistheonlydifficulty邁出第一步是最艱難的13、Knowledgeispower知識就是力量14、Knowledgemakeshumble，ignorancemakesproud

博學(xué)使人謙虛，無知使人驕傲

15、Nevertoooldtolearn，nevertoolatetoturn亡羊補(bǔ)牢為時(shí)未晚16、Nocross,nocrown不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨，怎么見彩虹17、Nolivingmanallthingscan世上沒有萬事通18、Nomanisbornwiseorlearned沒有生而知之者

19、Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit

世上無難事，只怕有心人

20、Nothingisdifficulttothemanwhowilltry世上無難事，只要肯攀登21、Nothingseek，nothingfind沒有追求就沒有收獲22、Readingenrichesthemind開卷有益

23、24、25、

Readingistothemindwhileexcisetothebody讀書健腦，運(yùn)動健身Thefinestdiamondmustbecut玉不琢不成器Thefireisthetestofgold，adversityofstrongman

烈火驗(yàn)真金，艱難磨意志

26、Thefroginthewellknowsnothingofthegreatocean坐井觀天27、Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟（學(xué)問無坦途）

28、Whenthereisawill,thereisaway有志者事竟成29、Zealwithoutknowledgeisfirewithoutlight

沒有知識的熱心，猶如有火而無光

30、Hewhoimaginesthathehasknowledgeenoughhasnone

自命萬事通，腹中常空空

31、Liveandlearn活到老學(xué)到老32、Itisnevertoooldtolearn為學(xué)不怕年高33、Amanbecomeslearnedbyaskingquestions多問則業(yè)精

34、Hewhoisashamedofaskingisashamedoflearning畏問之人恥于學(xué)35、Whatislearnedinthecradlelaststillthegrave

嬰孩時(shí)期學(xué)到的老死也不會忘

36、Learningmakesagoodmanbetterandillmanworse

知識能是好人更好，壞人更壞

37、Soonlearn，soonforgotten學(xué)得快，忘得快

38、Learnyoung,learnfair為學(xué)乘年輕，既學(xué)須學(xué)好39、Alazyyouth,alousyage少時(shí)懶惰老來苦40、Hewhoknowsnothing,doubtsnothing無知即無疑41、Adversitysuccessfullyovercomeisthehighestglory

成功的克服困難是最大的光榮

42、Readingmakesafullman,conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman閱讀使人淵博，會談使人機(jī)敏，寫作使人嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)

【學(xué)習(xí)類寫作慣用表達(dá)和經(jīng)典示句】1、originalitydoesnotmeanthinkingsomethingthatwasneverthought

before,itmeansputtingoldideastogetherinnewways

創(chuàng)新并不意味著思考一些人們從來沒有想過的事情，而是指將一些舊有的觀念以新的方式重組2、Anyonecanmakethingsbiggerandmorecomplex.Whatrequiresrealeffort

andcourageistomoveintheoppositedirection,inotherwords,tomakethingsassimpleaspossible人人都可以使事情變得艱深復(fù)雜，相反，是事情變得淺顯卻需要費(fèi)一番周折3、Studentsshouldmemorizefactsonlyaftertheyhavestudiedtheideas,

trends,andconceptsthathelpexplainthosefacts.Studentswhohavelearnedonlyfactshavelearnedverylittle應(yīng)該在掌握了現(xiàn)象背后的思想、趨勢和概

念之后再去記憶現(xiàn)象。只看現(xiàn)象學(xué)不到什么東西的4、Wecanusuallylearnmuchmorefrompeoplewhoseviewswesharethan

frompeoplewhoseviewscontradictourown.disagreementcancausestress

andinhibitlearning我們從與我們意見一致的人哪里學(xué)到的東西往往比從與我們意見相左的人那里學(xué)到的東西更多。意見不一致會帶來學(xué)習(xí)壓力，遏制學(xué)習(xí)5、Factsarestubbornthings.theycannotbealteredbyourwishes,our

inclinations,orthedictatesofourpassions

事實(shí)就是事實(shí)，不會因?yàn)槲覀兊脑竿�、愛好和熱情而改�?、Studentsshouldbringcertainskepticismtowhatevertheustudy.theyshould

questionwhattheyaretaughtinsteadofacceptingitpassively學(xué)生應(yīng)該帶著懷疑和批判的態(tài)度學(xué)習(xí)，而不是被動的接受所學(xué)的任何東西7、Thereisnosuchthingaspurelyobjectiveobservation.allobservationis

subjective;itisalwaysguidedbytheobserversexpectationordesires沒有純粹客觀的觀察，所有觀察都是主觀的，都受觀察者期望或愿望的影響8、Thehumanmindwillalwaysbesuperiortomachinesbecausemachinesare

onlytoolsofhumanminds

人腦永遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于機(jī)器，因?yàn)闄C(jī)器只不過是人腦的工具

9、Criticaljudgmentofworkinanygivenfieldhaslittlevalueunlesscomes

fromsomeonewhoisanexpertinthatfield

專家的批判性的見解才有真正的價(jià)值

10、Peoplewhopursuetheirownintellectualinterestforpurelypersonal

reasonsaremorelikelytobenefittherestoftheworldthanarepeoplewhotrytoactforthepublicgood

因?yàn)閭�人興趣而研究的人比為了公眾利益做研究的人更容易造福社會

11、Thestudyofanacademicdisciplinealtersthewayweperceivethe

world.afterstudyingthediscipline,weseethesameworldasbefore,butwithdifferenteyes某一專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)可以改變我們的世界觀，雖然所見的東西還是一樣，但是我們的視角卻不同以往了

12、Asweacquiremoreknowledge,thingsdonotbecomemore

comprehensible,butmorecomplexandmoremysterious隨著我們知識的增長，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，世界并非越來越簡單，而是變得更加復(fù)雜和神秘13、Goodstudyhabitsarethemostimportantpartofcollegelife

良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣是大學(xué)生活中一個重要的組成部分

14、Joiningclubsisagoodwaytomeetmorepeopleandenrichthestudents

sociallife參加各種俱樂部是大學(xué)生結(jié)識更多人和豐富其社會生活的好途徑15、OnlybyreadingextensivelywillyoubeabletoreallymasterEnglish

只有通過廣泛閱讀，才能正真掌握英語

16、Englishisoneofthemostimportantandusefullanguagesintheworld

英語是世界上最重要、使用最廣泛的語言之一

17、Englishistheworkinglanguageininternationalbusinessand

communication英語是國際商業(yè)和通信的工作語言18、Teacherscouldadjusttheirteachingprocessaccordingtothe

informationtheyobtainfromexaminations

教師們可以根據(jù)從考試當(dāng)中獲得的信息調(diào)整它們的教學(xué)方法

19、Testservesasadrivingforcestimulatingstudentstoworkhardandto

getagoodcommandofknowledge

考試可以當(dāng)做刺激學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí)和牢固掌握只是的推動力

20、Examinationisaway，notanaim考試只是一種手段不是目的21、Itisunfairtojudgestudentsonlybytheresultsofexambecausethey

canhardlyperformwellundergreatpressure僅根據(jù)考試成績判定學(xué)生是不公平的，因?yàn)樵诰薮蟮膲毫�狀況下幾乎不能正常發(fā)揮

22、Somestudentsthinkthatnowadayscollegetuitionfeesaretooexpensive

foranordinaryChinesefamily。Somestudentscannotaffordthetuitionfeeeveniftheyhavescoredhighintheentranceexamination.nowhigher

educationinstitutionsinchinaprovidecertainamountsofsubsideforcollegestudentsandgivethemlowcostaccommodations有些學(xué)生認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)對于普通的中國家庭來說過于昂貴,有些優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生即使在高考中取得了很高的成績，也無法支付高昂的學(xué)費(fèi).現(xiàn)在中國的高等院校為大學(xué)生提供一定數(shù)額的補(bǔ)助，還給他們提供低廉的食宿

23、Highereducationisnotcompulsoryeducationanymore。Withthe

reforminotherfields,highereducationinchinaisalsoundergoinggreatchanges高等教育已經(jīng)不再是義務(wù)教育了,隨著其他領(lǐng)域改革的警醒，中國的高等教育也在經(jīng)歷著巨大的變化

24、Ipracticeself-reliancebyofferinginstructionasafamilytutor

通過做家教，我鍛煉自立的能力

25、Agoodteacher-studentrelationshipcaneffectivelyfurtherthestudentto

ahigherlevelinstudy,andmakestheteachersjobworthwhile,whileabadoneill-effectsthestudentsdevelopment,eventotherestofhislife良好的師生關(guān)系更夠有效的使學(xué)生進(jìn)入到更高一級的學(xué)習(xí)，也使老師的工作富有意義，而壞的師生關(guān)系對學(xué)生的發(fā)展，甚至他以后的生活都會產(chǎn)生不良影響26、Anidealteacherisafriendaswellasateachertohisstudent

一位理想的老師應(yīng)是學(xué)生的益友和良師

27、Bothstudentsandteachersaresupposedtoshowrespecttoeachother

師生之間應(yīng)該相互尊重

28、Agoodteacher-studentrelationshipisbasedonmutualunderstanding

一個好的師生關(guān)系是基于相互理解的基礎(chǔ)上的。

【文化風(fēng)俗類】

【常用詞匯及詞組】：

中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日：

1.NewYearsDay元旦

2.theSpringFestival(NewYearsDayoftheChineselunarcalendar)春節(jié)3.theLanternFestival元宵節(jié)4.theQingMingFestival清明節(jié)5.theDragon-BoatFestival端午節(jié)6.ChineseValentinesDay七夕節(jié)7.theMiddle-AutumnFestival中秋節(jié)8.NationalDay國慶節(jié)9.teachersDay教師節(jié)10.ChinesesYouthDay中國青年節(jié)11.AnniversaryoftheFoundingoftheChineseCommunistParty

中國共產(chǎn)黨誕生紀(jì)念日12.ArmyDay建軍節(jié)

春節(jié)相關(guān)聯(lián)詞匯表達(dá)

1、lunarcalendar農(nóng)歷2、lunarJanuary；thefirstmonthbylunarcalendar正月3、NewYearsEve;eveoflunarNewYear除夕4、thebeginningoftheyear初一5、havingtheSpringFestival過年6、poeticcouplet;twosuccessiverhyminglinesinpoetry對聯(lián)7、SpringFestivalcouplets春聯(lián)8、paper-cuts剪紙9、NewYearspaintings年畫10、specialpurchasesfortheSpringFestival;

doSpringFestivalshopping買年貨

11、proposeatoast敬酒12、lantern；aportablelight燈籠13、fireworks煙花

14、firecrackers（peoplescareoffevilspiritsandghostswiththeloudpop）爆竹15、redpockets(cashwrappedupinredpaper,symbolizefortuneandwealthin

thecomingyear)紅包

16、liondance(thelionisbelievedtobeabletodispelevilandbringgoodback)17、dragondance(toexpectgoodweatherandgoodharvests)18、traditionalopera戲曲19、varietyshow；vaudeville雜耍20、riddleswrittenonlanterns燈謎

21、exhibitoflanterns燈會22、staying-up守歲

23、payNewYearscall;giveNewYearsgreetings;NewYearsvisit拜年24、taboo禁忌25、getridoftheill-fortune去晦氣26、offersacrificestoonesancestors祭祖宗

27、giftmoney;moneygiventochildrenasalunarNewYeargift壓歲錢28、bidfarewelltotheoldyear辭舊歲29、springcleaning;generalhousecleaning掃房30、ricecake；NewYearcake(nian-gao)31、familyreuniondinner32、Chinesemeatravioli（jiao-zi）33、tang-yuan34.、eighttreasuresricepudding35、candytray36、Treasuresfillthehome37、Businessflourishes38、Peaceallyearround39、Wishingyourprosperity40、Harmonybringswealth41、Mayallyourwishescometrue42、Everythinggoeswell43、Thecountryflourishesandpeopleliveinpeace44、Moneyandtreasureswillbeplentiful45、Wishingyoueverysuccess46、promotingtoahigherposition47、safetripwhereveryougo

外國節(jié)日J(rèn)anuary

Coming-of-AgeDay（Japan）Dr.MartinLutherDayFebruary

St.valentinesDayGeorgeWashingtonsBirthdayMarch

JapaneseChildrensFestivalInternationalWomensDayApril

AprilFoolsDayEasterDayArborDayEarthDayShakespearesBirthday

30

年糕團(tuán)圓飯餃子湯圓八寶飯?zhí)枪�盤金玉滿堂生意興隆歲歲平安恭喜發(fā)財(cái)和氣生財(cái)心想事成吉祥如意國泰民安招財(cái)進(jìn)寶一帆風(fēng)順步步高升出入平安成人節(jié)

馬丁-路德-金紀(jì)念日情人節(jié)

喬治-華盛頓的生日日本兒童節(jié)國際婦女節(jié)愚人節(jié)復(fù)活節(jié)植樹節(jié)世界地球日莎士比亞誕辰紀(jì)念日

May

MothersDay母親節(jié)

MemorialDay美國陣亡將士紀(jì)念日J(rèn)une

WorldEnvironmentDay世界環(huán)境日FlagDay美國國旗日FathersDay父親節(jié)

Deaf-BlindAwarenessWeek海倫凱勒周July

USIndependenceDayWorldpopulationDayBastilleDayAugust

TheEdinburghInternationalFestivalInternationalLeft-handersDayHungryGhostFestivalSeptember

LaborDayBierborseTheMunichOktoberfestInternationalDayofPeaceChusokOctober

ColumbusDayWhiteCaneSafetyDayUNDayHalloweenNovember

VeteransDayThanksgivingDayDecember

WorldAidsDayChristmas

特色中餐英文名：

SoybeanmilkDumplingsSteamedbuns;steamedbreadRiceporridgeHotpotSpringrollsStinkytofu（smelltofu）GlutinousriceRicenoodles

31

美國國慶日世界人口日法國國慶日愛丁堡國際藝術(shù)節(jié)國際左撇子節(jié)中元節(jié)美國勞動節(jié)啤酒節(jié)

慕尼黑啤酒節(jié)國際和平節(jié)韓國中秋節(jié)哥倫布紀(jì)念日國際盲人節(jié)l聯(lián)合國日萬圣節(jié)美國老兵紀(jì)念日感恩節(jié)世界艾滋病日圣誕節(jié)豆?jié){水餃饅頭稀飯火鍋春卷臭豆腐糯米飯米粉

Assortedcandies(meanssweetandfortune)什錦糖Redmelonseed(meansjoy,happiness,truthandsincerity)西瓜子Cumquat(meansprosperity)金桔Candiedlotusseed（meansmanydescendentstocome）糖蓮子Candiedlotusroot（meansfulfillingloverelationship）糖藕Reddates(meansprosperity)紅棗

Peanutcandy(meanssweet)花生糖

藝術(shù)類：

Workofart藝術(shù)作品Masterpiece杰作FineArts美術(shù)Artgallery畫廊、美術(shù)館Inspiration靈感、啟發(fā)Muse靈感

【諺語警句】

1、DoastheRomansdo入鄉(xiāng)隨俗

2、nothingissonecessaryfortravelersaslanguages外出旅行，語言最重要3、observationisthebestteacher觀察是最好的老師4、oneeyewitnessisbetterthantenhearsays百聞不如一見5、Seeingisbelieving眼見為實(shí)

6、thereiskindnesstobefoundeverywhere人間處處有溫情

7、theworldisbutalittleplace，afterall海內(nèi)存知己天涯若比鄰8、historyrepeatsitself歷史常重演

9、thedeclineofliteratureindicatesthedeclineofnation;thetwokeepintheirdownwardtendency

文學(xué)的衰落表明一個名族的衰落，這兩者走下坡路的時(shí)間是齊頭并進(jìn)的10、whenonelovesonesartnoserviceseemstoohard

一旦熱愛藝術(shù)，什么奉獻(xiàn)都不難O.henry

【經(jīng)典示句】

29、Governmentsmustensurethattheirmajorcitiesreceivethefinancial

supporttheyneedinordertothrive(繁榮、興旺、成功)，becauseitisprimarilyincitiesthatanationsculturetraditionsarepreservedandgenerated

30、Rituals(儀式、程序、例行習(xí)慣)andceremonieshelpdefineaculture,

withoutthem,societiesorgroupsofpeoplehaveadiminishedsenseofwhotheyare

31、Thewaypeoplelook,dress,andactrevealstheirattitudesand

interests.youcantellmuchaboutasocietysideasandvaluesbyobservingtheappearanceandbehaviorofitspeople

32、Thetruevalueofacivilizationisreflectedinitsartisticcreations

ratherthaninitsscientificaccomplishments

33、Peopleoftenlookforsimilarities,evenbetweenverydifferent

things,andevenwhenitisunhelpfulorharmfultodoso,Instead,athingshouldbeconsideredonitsownterms,weshouldavoidthetendencytocompareittosomethingelse.

【傳媒寫作類】

【新聞詞匯】

1、massmedia大眾傳媒2、newsblackout新聞管制3、cover采訪、采寫4、crusade宣傳攻勢

5、dig深入采訪，追蹤（新聞線索），挖（新聞）6、eye-account目擊者，記者見聞7、freedomOfthePress8、fullposition9、highlights10、humaninterest11、in-depthreporting12、Invasionofprivacy13、newsclue14、newsvalue15、objectivity16、opinionpoll17、press18、readability19、readersinterest20、sensational21、timeliness

【出版詞匯】

1、Daily2、weekly3、morningedition4、eveningedition5、newspaperweek6、Thefrontpage7、criticism8、editorial9、review，comment10、newspaperoffice11、newsman，newspaperman，12、news/pressconference13、magazine

14、periodicalQuarterly15、worldnews16、Homenews17、newsagency

新聞自由醒目位置要聞人情味深度報(bào)道

侵犯隱私（權(quán)）新聞線索新聞價(jià)值客觀性民意測驗(yàn)

報(bào)界、新聞界可讀性讀者興趣

聳人聽聞的，具有轟動效應(yīng)的時(shí)效性、時(shí)新性日報(bào)周報(bào)晨報(bào)晚報(bào)新聞周刊頭版、第一版評論社論時(shí)評報(bào)社journalist新聞記者記者招待會期刊季刊國際新聞國內(nèi)新聞新聞社

33

18、newsreport/story/coverage新聞報(bào)道19、publishinghouse，press出版社20、publisher出版者、出版商21、bestseller暢銷書22、Anecdote趣聞軼事23、backalleynews；hearsay小道消息24、brief簡訊

25、column專欄、欄目26、contributor投稿人27、newsagency28、qualitypaper

【政府與行政機(jī)構(gòu)】

ThepeoplesRepublicofChinaProvincePrefectureMunicipalityMunicipalResidentialareaUrbanSuburbOutskirtsCityCountyAutonomous（district區(qū)）Capital（provincialcapital）CommunistPartyofChinaNationalPartyCongressNationalPeoplesCongressFifteenthNationalCongressPresidentofPRCStatecouncilPremierViceprimerDemocraticPartyMunicipality

通訊社

高級報(bào)紙，嚴(yán)肅報(bào)紙(P.R.China)中華人民共和國省

區(qū)，縣，地方官的職位（官邸，任期等）直轄市、自治區(qū)、自治市；市政當(dāng)局市的、市政的居民區(qū)、住宅區(qū)市區(qū)的近郊區(qū)郊區(qū)市縣自治省會

中國共產(chǎn)黨全國代表大會全國人民大會

第十五次全國代表大會（十五大）中華人民共和國主席國務(wù)院總理副總理民主黨派34

諺語精選：1、Forevilnewsridesfast,whilegoodnewsbaitslater（JohnMilton）

好事不出門壞事傳千里

2、Awonderlastsbutninedays新鮮事兒不長久3、Followyourowncourse，andletpeopletalk走自己的路，讓人家說去吧4、Anewbroomsweepsclean新官上任三把火5、Greatmenhavegreatfaults偉人也會有巨大的過失6、Thebestmanstumbles偉人也有犯錯時(shí)7、Nosmokewithoutsomefire無火不生煙，無風(fēng)不起浪8、Talltreescatchmuchwind樹大招風(fēng)9、Goodnewscomesoncrutches好事不出門10、Badnewstravelsquickly壞事傳千里11、Journalismisliteratureinahurry新聞是急就文學(xué)12、Merereportisnotenoughtogoupon僅是傳聞不足為憑

13、Nonewsisgoodnews沒有消息就是好消息（不聞兇訊便是吉）

經(jīng)典示句：1、Intheageoftelevision,readingbooksisnotasimportantasitonce

was.PeoplecanlearnasmuchbywatchingTVastheycanbyreadingbooks2、Thepurposeofmanyadvertisementsistomakeconsumerswanttobuya

productsothattheywillbelikethepersoninthead.Thispracticeiseffectivebecauseitnotonlysellsproductsbutalsohelpspeoplefeelbetterthemselves許多廣告的目的是促使消費(fèi)者購買產(chǎn)品，因?yàn)檫@些產(chǎn)品可使他們變得和廣告演員一樣出色，這些廣告是成功的，因?yàn)樗麄儾粌H做了產(chǎn)品促銷，還使消費(fèi)者自我感覺變的良好3、Becauseoftelevisionandworldwidecomputerconnections,peoplecannow

becomefamiliarwithagreatmanyplacesthattheynevervisited.Asa

result,tourismwillsoonbecomeobsolete(已廢棄的，已過時(shí)的)由于電視和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的出現(xiàn)，人們熟悉了很多他們從未到過的地方，結(jié)果將導(dǎo)致旅游業(yè)的衰退4、High-speedelectroniccommunicationmedia,suchaselectronicmailand

television,tendtopreventmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication快速的電子交流媒介，比如電視和電子郵件，會遏制有意義和有深度的交流5、Inthisageofintensivemediacoverage,itisnolongerpossibleforasocietyto

regardanywomanormanasahero.Thereputationofanyonewhois

subjectiveto(易受、遭受0mediascrutiny（調(diào)查、細(xì)察）willeventuallybediminished.在這個媒體無孔不入的時(shí)代，人們很難再把某人奉為英雄，杰出人物的聲譽(yù)會隨著媒體逐步深入的報(bào)道而消減。6、Publicfiguressuchasactors,politicians,andathletesshouldexpectpeopleto

beinterestedintheirprivatelives.Whentheyseekapublicrole,theyshouldexpectthattheywillloseatleastsomeoftheirprivacy.演員、政客和運(yùn)動員應(yīng)該預(yù)料到人們對他們私生活的關(guān)注，他們應(yīng)該知道，選擇成為公眾的焦點(diǎn)就意味著部分個人隱私的犧牲7、Advertisements,infact,havebeguntodominateourdailylife

8、Sincewecannotexpecttogetridoftheadsinmarkereconomic,theonly

thingtodoistolearnhowtolivewithads我們既然在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中無法擺脫廣告，那么唯一的辦法就是學(xué)會和廣告共存9、Advertisementprovidespeoplewithalotofinformationconcernedwith

peoplesdailylives,suchasdifferentproducts,housestorentandjob

opportunities廣告為我們提供了大量和我們?nèi)粘Ｉ�活有關(guān)的信息，例如各種產(chǎn)品、房屋出租、工作機(jī)會等

10、Withoutadvertisements,newspapers,commercialradiosandtelevision

companiescouldnotsurvive

沒有廣告，報(bào)社、商業(yè)電臺、電視公司就沒法生存

11、Advertisementsaremisleadingandcheating.Theyarefilledwith

floweryphrasesandemptypromises廣告起誤導(dǎo)作用，并具有欺騙性，廣告中充滿著華麗的詞語和空洞的諾言

12、Advertisingencouragesconsumersto“keepupwithJoneses”,(社會地位

和生活水平較高的，愛顯富的鄰居)namely,itcreatesanacquisitivesocietyandademandformaterialthings廣告鼓勵消費(fèi)者攀比，換而言之，它創(chuàng)造出一個渴望獲取社會及對物質(zhì)的需求

13、NowadaysTVprogramsarefullofcommercialadswhichcancausealot

oftroublessometimes

14、AsfarasImconcerned,Iaminfavorofadsbecausemostofthemare

interestingandinformative.就我而言，我贊成廣告，因?yàn)榇蟛糠謴V告很有趣而且包含很多有用的知識

【公益事業(yè)類】

常用詞匯：

1、socialwelfare社會福利2、hopeProject希望工程3、LovingCareProject愛心工程4、re-employment再就業(yè)5、donateblood獻(xiàn)血6、philanthropy慈善、仁慈、慈善事業(yè)7、charity慈善機(jī)構(gòu)、慈善事業(yè)Charitycontribution義捐Benefitperformance義演8、TerminallyCare臨終關(guān)懷9、spiritofutterdevotion奉獻(xiàn)精神10、citizensethicalconstruction公民道德建設(shè)

諺語警句：

1、Ifindlifeisanexcitingbusinessandmostexcitingwhenitislivedforothers(Helenkeler)我發(fā)現(xiàn)生活是令人激動的事情，尤其為別人活著時(shí)

2、whenamanassumeapublictrust,heshouldconsiderhimaspublicproperty（ThomasJefferson）

當(dāng)一個人受到公眾信任時(shí)，他就應(yīng)該把自己看做公眾的財(cái)產(chǎn)

3、itisnotenoughtodogood;onemustdoitintherightway

人不僅要做好事，更要以正確的方式做好事

3、themiracleisthisthemoreweshare,themorewehave

神奇的是我們分享的越多，我們擁有的越多

經(jīng)典示句：1、Thousandsofchildreninourcountryaredeprivedofopportunitytogoto

schoolbypoverty在我國有成千上萬的兒童因?yàn)樨毨Ф�失去了上學(xué)的機(jī)會2、TheHopeProjectmainlydependsonthecontributionofurbanpeopleand

overseasChinesewhocareaboutthedevelopmentofChinaseducation.希望工程主要依靠那些關(guān)心中國教育事業(yè)發(fā)展的城市居民和海外華人的捐助3、Helpingachildgobacktoclassroomwillnotcostonemuch,butwillgreatly

benefitthesocietyaswellasthechild幫助一個孩子返回課堂不會話你很多錢，但是卻會給漢子和社會帶來很多好處4、IthasbeenprovedthattheHopeProjectisquitesuccessful,andalotof

childrenhavereturntoschool5、Ifthecountrysideisnotdeveloped,neitherwillbeChina

如果農(nóng)村的不到發(fā)展，那么中國也得不到發(fā)展

6、TheeconomydevelopmentofourcountryandthestatusChinaintheworld

dependmainlyonthenextgeneration

我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和國際地位的提高主要依靠下一代

7、Theissueofre-employmentisofvitalimportanttothecountrys

reform,developmentandstability.

在就業(yè)問題對我國的政策、發(fā)展和穩(wěn)定都起了至關(guān)重要的作用8、Are-employment-orientedtrainingnetworkshouldbeformed

immediately,tocoverasmanylaid-offworkersaspossibletoenhancetheirabilitiestofacethechallenges再就業(yè)定向培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)應(yīng)該立即形成，并盡可能吸收更多的下崗工人，幫助他們加強(qiáng)自身能力面對挑戰(zhàn)。9、Inaddition,facilitiesandemploymentcentersrunbytradeunionsshould

joinhandswithlocalauthoritiestoprovidetimelyjobinformationforthelaid-offworkers此外，由公會運(yùn)作的就業(yè)指導(dǎo)中心應(yīng)與當(dāng)?shù)卣�府�?lián)手為下崗工人提供及時(shí)的就業(yè)信息

10、Injobmarkets,manylaid-offworkersarereluctanttoundertake

hourly-paiddomesticworkinotherpeopleshousesorseekpositionsintheprivatesector在就業(yè)市場上，許多下崗工人不愿意到別人家里做鐘點(diǎn)工，也不愿意到私營企業(yè)工作

11、Itsnoshametoearnbreadwithonesownhandsnomatterwhatkind

ofworkhedoes,butitsadisgracetoidlealongwithfoldedarmsandwaituntilfinancialaidarrives

一個人無論做什么工作，只要是靠自己的雙手掙來的錢就沒有什么羞恥的，而那些插著兩只胳膊東游西逛的等待救濟(jì)的人才是令人恥笑的

12、Thegovernmentissupposedtoissuemorebeneficialpoliciestohelpthe

laid-offoutofdifficulty

政府應(yīng)該出臺更多的優(yōu)惠政策幫助下崗人員擺脫困境

wenku_39({"font":{"84dcf1125f0e7cd1842536d70010027":"Times慣用表達(dá)與經(jīng)典示句：1、Althoughmanypeoplethinkthattheluxuriesandconveniencesof

contemporaryliftareentirelyharmless,theyinfact,preventpeoplefromdevelopingintotrulystrongandindependentindividuals

人們往往認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代生活的舒適和快捷是完全有益的，可實(shí)際上這些便利

會影響人們堅(jiān)強(qiáng)獨(dú)立個性的發(fā)展2、Generallyspeaking,youngandenergeticpeoplepreferactivereaction,while

oldfolkswouldratherenjoypeacefulrest總的來說，年輕人和精力旺盛的人喜歡活動性的娛樂，而老年人寧愿安靜的休息3、Teenagersarespendingfartoomuchtimeandmoneyinvideoarcadesthese

days現(xiàn)在的青少年把更多的時(shí)間和金錢花在游戲廳里4、Mountainclimbingbegintogrowpopularasasport

爬山開始成為一種頗受歡迎的運(yùn)動

5、Weshouldplaysystematicallyforthesakeofourhealth

我們應(yīng)該為我們的健康而有系統(tǒng)的娛樂

6、Peoplewhocannotfindtimeforrecreationandobligedsoonerorlatertofind

timeforillness騰不出時(shí)間娛樂的人早晚會被迫騰出時(shí)間生病7、Writeitinyourheartthateverydayisthebestoftheyear

銘記在心：每一天都是一年中最好的日子

8、Differentpeopleliketospendtheirfreetimeindifferentways

在閑暇時(shí)間不同的人有不同的休閑方式

9、Weusuallytakeitforgrantedandletthetimepassbyminutebyminute

我們通常對分秒時(shí)間的浪費(fèi)不以為然

10、Travel,intheyoungersort,isapartofeducation,intheolder,apartof

experience旅行對年輕人來說一種教育，對來年是一種體驗(yàn)11、Withthegeneralstandardoflivingimprovingandtheworkingweek

becomingshorter,moreandmorepeopleareabletomakeaholidaytriptoplacesofinterest隨著人們生活水平的提高和工作時(shí)間的縮短，越來越多的人能夠去旅游景點(diǎn)度假旅行

12、Travelinghelpsyoutoseenewcustoms,eatnewfood,anddonew

things。Travelingenrichesyourknowledge旅游使人們了解新的風(fēng)俗，品嘗風(fēng)味獨(dú)特的食品、體驗(yàn)新鮮的活動,擴(kuò)展你的知識13、However,travelingmaycausesomeproblems

14、DuringVacations,wecanrelx,indulgeinourownrecreationsand

hobbies,meetfriends,andtakepartinsocialactivities,vacationalsoallowustodomanythingsthatwecannotdoinasingleday,forexample,wecanplanatriptoaplacefaraway在假期期間，我們可以放松我們自己，盡情娛樂、享受愛好，交友或參加社會活動帶給我們的樂趣，也可以做許多一天做不但的事情，如去旅行

15、Besides,tofindoutthebestwaystocultivatemyabilities,Iwillfinda

part-timejobandconductsomesocialinvestigation.WhateverIdo,thegoalisthesame:togetnecessaryexperience,acquireknowledgeandbroadenmyhorizonofmind另外，為了能找到一條鍛煉自己的最佳途徑，我準(zhǔn)備做

一份兼職，并做一些社會調(diào)查，無論我做什么，目標(biāo)都是一致的，那就是獲得必要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)知識，拓寬自己的視野

16、Wemayforgeraboutthebooksanddevoteourselvestosuchthingsas

playingcardsandcomputergames

我們可能把書本丟到腦后，整天沉迷于打牌、玩電腦游戲之中

17、Theproblemishowtobenefitfromvacation問題是如何從假期中獲益18、Thousandsofpeoplerushintocitieseachyear

19、Somepeopleprefertoliveinbigcitiesbecausebigcityoffermore

conveniencesthansmalltown;Onecanconvenientlygetwhathewantsbythecomprehensiveservicesinthecity

許多人喜歡住在大城市，因?yàn)榕c小城鎮(zhèn)相比，大城市能提供更多的方方

面面的便利；一個人可以很方便的通過城市里的綜合服務(wù)得到他想要的東西20、Manyoldpeoplechoosetospendtheremainderoftheirlivesfaraway

fromcities許多老年人選擇遠(yuǎn)離都市度過晚年21、Therearemanyproblemsinbigcities,suchascrowdedbuses,traffic

jams,andpoorhousingconditions,theairpollutionandnoisepollutionareveryserious,whichdoesgreatharmtopeopleshealth

大城市也有很多問題，比如擁擠的公共汽車，交通堵塞和糟糕的住房條

件，空氣和噪音污染也非常嚴(yán)重，給人們的健康帶來了很大的危害

22、Citylifeispreferabletocountrylifebecauseincitiestherearemore

chancesofemployment,greaterrangeofjobs,moreopportunitiestosucceedinlife,

城市生活比鄉(xiāng)村生活好，因?yàn)槌鞘芯蜆I(yè)機(jī)會多、工作的種類多、成功機(jī)會也多23、Theenvironmentinthecountryisquieter,cleanerandfresherthanin

thecity,鄉(xiāng)村生活環(huán)境比城市生活環(huán)境更為安靜、清潔和清新24、TourismenablestheChinesetoknowabouttheoutsideworldand

promotesinternationalfriendshipandmutualunderstanding

旅游業(yè)是中國人更了解外面的世界，他促進(jìn)了國際友誼和相互理解

25、Asaresultoftheopenpolicy,anincreasingnumberofforeignersare

crowingintochina,eagertoseethismysteriouslandwithasplendidcultureandcivilizationofmorethan5,000years

由于開放政策實(shí)施，不斷增多的外國人涌入中國，急切的要看一看這個

擁有燦爛文化和五千多年文明歷史的神秘的國度

26、Travelingmuch,youwillnotonlyenrichyourknowledgeand

experiences,butalsobeawareofthevastnessofnature

經(jīng)常旅游不僅能豐富你的知識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，還能感悟自然的博大

27、Travelisveryexcitingsinceyoucanseelandscapemuchdifferentfrom

whereyouliveandwork,

旅游令人激動因?yàn)槟憧梢钥吹脚c你居住和工作的地方截然不動不動精致28、Sincetouristsdonothavetimetomixwithlocalpeople,theycannot

haveafullviewofthelocalculture;andtourismmakessomepartsoftheworldtoocrowdedaplacetolivein

由于游客沒有時(shí)間和當(dāng)?shù)鼐用耖L期交往，因此他們不可能全面了解當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

的文化，同時(shí)旅游業(yè)使得世界上的某些地方變得擁擠不堪，無法居住

工作類名言精粹：

1、Behavioralresearchdisclosesthathumanrelationsatworkarejust

easier,perhapsbecausetheyaremoreregularandpredictableandthussimplertoadjusttothanthesporadic（零星的，偶然發(fā)生的）,themoreintenseandlessregularrelationshipinthecommunity.行為學(xué)研究提示，工作中人與人之間較好相處，或許是因?yàn)楣ぷ魃系娜穗H關(guān)系較有規(guī)律，而在社會上，人與人之間的關(guān)系是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的，比較緊張，而且稍有規(guī)律可循2、Dontgildthelily(Shakespeare)不要給百合花鍍金（不要畫蛇添足）3、Everymanswork,whetheritbeliteratureofmusicofpictureorarchitecture

ofanythingelse,isalwaysaportraitofhimself每個人的工作，不管是文學(xué)、音樂、美術(shù)、建筑還是其他工作都是自己的衣服畫像4、Growthandchangearethelawofalllife.yesterdaysanswersare

inadequatefortodaysproblemsjustasthesolutionoftodaywillnotfilltheneedsoftomorrow(FranklinRoosevelt)生長與變化是一切生命的法則，昨日的答案不適用于今日的問題，正如今天的方法不能解決明天的問題5、Happiness,Ihavediscovered,isnearlyalwaysareboundfromhardwork

我發(fā)現(xiàn)，辛勤工作的報(bào)酬幾乎總是幸福

6、Icanlivefortwomonthsonagoodcompliment

只憑一句贊美的話我就可以充實(shí)的活上兩個月

7、IdontlikeworknomandoesbutIlikewhatisinthework

thechancetofindyourself我不喜歡工作，沒有人能喜歡工作，但是我喜歡在所從事的工作中找到發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的機(jī)會8、Inorderthatthepeoplemaybehappyintheirwork,thesethingsare

needed:theymustbefitforit;theymustnotdomuchofit;andtheymusthaveasenseofsuccessinit為了使人們在工作中感到快樂，必須做到以下三點(diǎn)：一定要勝任自己的工作，不可做得太多，必須對自己的工作有成就感9、Inoureffortstoadjustdifferencesofopinionweshouldbefreefrom

intolerance(不容忍，不容異說，偏執(zhí)，偏狹)ofpassion,andourjudgmentsshouldbeunmovedbyalluring(迷人的，誘惑人的)phrasesandunvexed（不煩惱的）byselfishinterests在我們努力協(xié)調(diào)意見的分歧是，應(yīng)當(dāng)拋棄偏執(zhí)與意氣用事，我們的判斷不應(yīng)當(dāng)被花言巧語蒙騙，也不應(yīng)被個人私利擾亂。10、Workisthegrandcureforallthemaladiesandmiseriesthateverbeset

mankind(grand壯麗的，雄偉的，愉悅的；maladies“制度或組織的”弊��；misery痛苦，不幸，苦難；beset困擾“某人或某物”)

工作是良藥，能醫(yī)治一切困擾人的疾苦

11、Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo

(WinstonChurchill)不是愛哪行才干哪行，要干哪行愛哪行12、Thebestpreparationforgoodworktomorrowistodogoodworktoday

為把明天的工作做好，最好的準(zhǔn)備就是把今天的工作做好

13、Theofficeofthescholaristocheer,toraise,andtoguidemenby

showingthemfactsamidstappearances學(xué)者的工作就是通過向大眾提示存在與現(xiàn)象中事實(shí)來鼓舞大眾、教育大眾、引導(dǎo)大眾

14、Weoftenhearofpeoplebreakingdownfromoverwork,butinninecases

outoftentheyarereallysufferingfromworryoranxiety

我們常常聽人說，人們因?yàn)楣ぷ鬟^度而垮下來，但是實(shí)際上十有八九是

因?yàn)轱柺軗?dān)憂或者焦慮的折磨

15、Whyshouldworkbesuchasignificantsourceofhumansatisfaction?A

goodshareoftheanswerrestinthekindofpridethatisstimulatedbythejob,bytheactivityofaccomplishing

為什么工作竟然是人們獲得滿足的如此重要的源泉呢，最主要的答案就

在于，工作和通過工作所取得的成就，能激起一種自豪感

16、Workbanishesthosethreegreatevils:boredom,vice,andpoverty

工作兩攆跑三個魔鬼：無聊、墮落和貧窮

17、Workismorethananecessaryformosthumanbeings,itisthefocusof

theirlives,thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity對多數(shù)人來說，工作不僅僅是一種需要，他還是人們生活的焦點(diǎn)，是他們個性和創(chuàng)造性的源泉

【核心句型集錦】

[開頭段常用核心句型：]1、Thosedaysweoftenhearabout。。。。,butisthisreallythecase?2、Withthe(rapid)growthof(oureconomy/population),manyproblemssuch

as(watershortages/wasteofenergy/lackofprofessionalandchaotic混亂的management)arebeginningtosurface.3、Withthedevelopmentof(scienceandtechnology/marketeconomy),more

andmore(anincreasing)numberofpeoplecometorealizethat。。。4、Currentlythereisawidespread/seriousconcernover(illegalpublication

/dugabuse/negativeinfluenceofwesterncultures)5、Nowadays,aheateddebated/discussionabout….isunderwayinChina.

Somepeoplebelievethat…..，whereasothersarguethat……6、Themain/obviousproblemwiththisargumentisthatitisblindtothebasic

factthat……7、Itwouldbenatural/reasonabletothinkthat……，butitwouldbeabsurdto

claimthat……8、Inallthediscussionanddebateover….，oneimportantfactisgenerally

overlooked/neglected.9、Thereisabsolutelynoreasonforustobelievethat……

10、Onthesurface(atfirstthought,itmayseemanattractiveidea,butnon

secondthought,wefindthat……

11、Howeverlogicalthisargumentmaybe,itonlyskimsthesurfaceofthe

problem.

12、AsfarasIamconcerned,Ibelievethat…….

13、AlthoughIappreciatethat…..,Icannotagreewith……

14、Thosewhoobjectto….arguethat…..,butpeoplewhofavor….,onthe

otherhand,arguethat…..

15、Currently,thereisageneralconcernover….

16、Nowitiswidelyacknowledgedthat……butIwonderwhether…..

[中間段常用核心句型]1、thechangein…..mainlyresultin…..2、theincreasein…..isduetothefactthat….3、Thereareavarietyofreasonsforthisdramaticgrowth

in…...First,….Second,……Finally4、Thereisnoevidencetosuggestthat…..5、Whyare(is/do/did)…..?foronething,。。。。Foranother,….6、Itwillexertremarkableeffecton…..(exert（為特定目的）運(yùn)用（力量、技能），exertyourself努力)7、Withthedevelopmentof….,vastchangesawaitsthiscountry8、Historyisfilledwiththeexamplesof…..9、Thestoryidnotrare(isolate/unique),itisoneofmanyexamples.

10、Asisshowninthetablereleasedbythegovernment,itcanbelearned

that……

11、Thereis(no)goodevidenceto…

12、Wemustadmittheundeniablefactthat…..13、Noonecandeny(brushaside)thefactthat…..

[結(jié)尾段常用核心句型]1、Takingintoaccountofallthesefactors,wemayreachtheconclusionthat…..2、Judgingfromallevidenceoffered,wemaysafelycometotheconclusion

that….3、Itishightimethatweplacedgreatemphasisontheimprovementof….4、Itishightimethatweputanendtotheunhealthysituation(tendency

/phenomenon)of…..5、Thereisnoeasysolutiontotheproblemof….,but…mightbeuseful6、GiventhefactorsIhavejustoutlined,Icanonlysaythat…..7、Unlessthereisacommonrealizationof….,itisverylikelythat….8、Thereisnodenyingthatseriousattentionmustbecalledtotheproblemof…9、Itisessentialthateffectivemeasuresshouldbetakentopreventthesituation.10、Itishopedthatgreateffortsshouldbefocusedonfinding(developing

/improving)….

11、Itremainstobeseenwhether…,buttheprospectisnotquite

encouraging

12、Anyway,morepublicityshouldbegiventothepotentialeffectsof….(公

眾的注意，宣傳、宣揚(yáng))

13、Tocontrolthetendencyisnotaneasyjob,anditinvolvesadifferent

stateofattitudetowards…..

[陳述或論證時(shí)常用的詞語、句式]觀點(diǎn)、看法view/point/opinion原因reason/cause

方法、手段、措施、步驟method/means/measures/step因素factor

利弊、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)advantage/disadvantage1、引述段落提出問題時(shí)常用的句式、詞語原因有很多：therearemanyreasonswhy………..原因如下：thereasonswhy…..areasfollows我的看法是：myopinionisthat….

2、展開段落論證時(shí)常用的句式、詞語第一層次（首先）：first,firstly,inthefirstplace,firstofall,

tobeginwith,foronething

第二層次（其次）：second,secondly,inthesecondplace,next,then,foranother第三層次（再次）：third,thirdly,besides,inaddition,furthermore,

whatismoreimportant

3、總結(jié)性段落常用的句式、詞語

最后一點(diǎn)：lat,lastly,finally,inthelastplace,lastofall,inshort,inbrief;簡而言之：inaword,insummary,tosumup

總之：inconclusion,onthewhole,altogether,inall因此：so,thus,hence,therefore,consequently結(jié)果：inconsequence，asaresult由此可見：itwillbeseenfromitthat

如上所述我們可以得出結(jié)論：ashadbeensaidabove,wecanconclude(/make/draw/reach/cometoaconclusion)that……

4、將事物的正反、好壞兩方面，或者將兩種不同事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)常用的句式、短語

然而：while,whereas,but,however,nevertheless盡管如此:Inspitofthat,despiteallthis但在另一方面:butontheotherhand與。。。。相比:in/byincomparisonwith,ascomparewith對比之下:by/incontrast與。。。相反:asopposedto,insteadof

AB之間的不同在于：thedifferencebetweenAandBis/liesin/existsin/consistsin;AisdifferentfromBin…..

【飲食健康類】

【常用詞匯】：

Aliquiddiet流質(zhì)食物appetizer開胃菜Staplefood主食subsidiaryfood輔食Whitewine白葡萄酒redwine紅葡萄酒Champagne香檳酒cocktail雞尾酒Liqueur白酒、燒酒yellow/ricewine黃酒Pineapple菠蘿strawberry草莓Olive橄欖cucumber黃瓜Mint薄荷grapefruit西柚Grape葡萄sodawater蘇打水mineralwater礦泉水waterjug水壺ceramiccup陶瓷杯measuringjug量杯mixingglasses調(diào)酒杯cocktailshaking調(diào)酒器beermug啤酒杯juiceextractor果汁榨汁機(jī)champagneglass香檳杯straw吸管

【諺語精選】：

1、Asoundmindinasoundbody健康的思想寓于健康的身體2、Ahappyhasmakesabloomingvisage（容貌、外表）心中快樂，容光煥發(fā)3、Healthishappiness健康就是幸福

4、Hewhohasgoodhealthisyoung,andheisrichwhoowesnothing

健康葆青春，無債即富有

5、Healthisnotvalueduntilsicknesscomes有病方知健康貴

6、Feedbymeasureanddefyphysician飲食有節(jié)，醫(yī)生絕跡7、Oftenandlittleeatingmakesamanfat少吃多餐，使人健壯8、Afterdinnersitawhile,aftersupperwalkamile

正餐后休息片刻，晚餐后步行一里

9、Hewhodoesnotriseearlyneverdoesagooddayswork

起床不早，一天的工作干不好

10、Aalittlelabor,muchhealth適量的勞動大有益于健康

11、Agoodsurgeonmusthaveaneagleseye,alionheart,andaladyshand

一個好的外科醫(yī)生，應(yīng)具有鷹眼、獅心和女性的手

12、Preventionisbetterthancure預(yù)防勝于治療13、Bitterpillsmayhavewholesomeeffect良藥苦口利于病

14．Earlytobedandearlytorise,makesamanhealthy、wealthyandwise

早睡早起會使人健康。富有和聰明

15、Sloth,likerust,consumesfasterthanlaborwears

懶惰像生銹一樣，比操勞更能消耗身體

16、Thefirstwealthishealth健康是人生第一財(cái)富

【經(jīng)典示句】：

1、TheeatinghabitsofChinesepeoplehavechangeddramaticallyinthe

pastdecade。Peoplebegintoeatlessgrain,butmorefruit；peoplenowpaymuchattentiontonutrition,sotheychoosetoeatmeatandmilk。Peoplearetryingtohaveabalancediet在過去的十年中，中國人的飲食習(xí)慣發(fā)生了很大的變化,吃的谷物越來越少，水果越來越多，因?yàn)楦�加注重營養(yǎng)，人們現(xiàn)在選擇吃肉食品、喝牛奶；他們正在努力實(shí)現(xiàn)飲食平衡

2、Inthepastfewyears,therehasbeenanincreasingawarenessofthe

importanceofhealth

在過去的幾年間，人們已經(jīng)越來越意識到了健康的重要性

3、Peoplecannowaffordnutritiousfoods/Qualityfoodsarenowwithin

peoplesreach人們現(xiàn)在買得起有營養(yǎng)的食品

4、Freshfruitandvegetablesarerichincarbohydrate,vitaminsand

minerals;Fishandchickencontainsmoreproteinandlessfat

新鮮的水果蔬菜含有豐富的碳水化合物、維生素和礦物質(zhì)；魚肉和雞肉含有較多的蛋白質(zhì)，脂肪含量低

5、Moreandmorepeoplearebecomingawareofthelinkbetweendietand

goodhealth越來越多的人開始意識到飲食與健康的重要性6、Aproperdietishelpfultoweightcontrol合理的飲食有助于控制體重7、Goodhealthisacorollaryofhavinggoodhabits(推論，必然的結(jié)果)

良好的生活習(xí)慣必然會有健康的身體

8、Cheerfulisthepromoterofhealth心情愉快是健康的增進(jìn)劑9、Aswetakingspecialcareofourphysicalhealth,weshouldalsopay

enoughattentiontoourmentalhealth

當(dāng)我們極其關(guān)注身體健康的同時(shí)，更要關(guān)注心理健康

10、Healthisthefoundationofonessuccess健康的身體是事業(yè)成功的基礎(chǔ)

【商業(yè)術(shù)語類】

Commerce，trade，trading貿(mào)易

Inland/home/domestic/internal/interiortrade國內(nèi)貿(mào)易Internationaltrade國際貿(mào)易Foreign/externaltrade外貿(mào)、對外貿(mào)易Termsoftrade貿(mào)易條件Free-tradearea自由貿(mào)易區(qū)commercialchannels商業(yè)渠道Import，importance進(jìn)口export，exportation出口Importer進(jìn)口商exporter出口商Custom海關(guān)customduty關(guān)稅

Quota配額、限額item項(xiàng)目、細(xì)目Commercialtransaction買賣、交易middleman中間商、經(jīng)紀(jì)人Dealer經(jīng)銷商wholesaler批發(fā)商Tradesman、retailer零售商merchant商人（英）批發(fā)商，（美）零售商concessionaire,licenseddealer受讓人，特許權(quán)獲得者

consumer消費(fèi)者、用戶client，customer顧客、客戶buyer買方、買主stocks存貨、庫存量

purchase購買、進(jìn)貨sale銷售bulksale整批銷售、wholesale批發(fā)retailtrade零售業(yè)cashsale現(xiàn)貨hire-purchase分期付款購買（美，installmentplan）

competition競爭competitor競爭者competitive競爭的unfaircompetition不合理競爭

dumplingprofitmargin傾銷差價(jià)，傾銷幅度trademark商標(biāo)registeredtrademark注冊商標(biāo)

registeredoffice，headoffice總公司，總店，總部

【范文中經(jīng)典詞匯和句子】

1、witness當(dāng)場見證，目擊

Eg.Wearewitnessingthemostimportantscientificdevelopmentofthecentury2、clumsy笨拙的，設(shè)計(jì)欠佳的，不得體的，不知趣的，難于使用或駕馭的3、telecommuting遠(yuǎn)程辦公

4、infringe侵犯、侵害infringesbsliberty侵犯某人的自由5、avaluablefirstedition一本珍貴的首版書6、look。。。。upin…..查找7、aidtolearning學(xué)習(xí)工具8、trudge長途跋涉9、alienate使疏遠(yuǎn)或冷淡

10、eliminate排除、消除eliminateallpoliticalopposition11、heartpacemakers心臟起搏器12、picturesque迷人的、美如畫的

13、soaring高漲的，迅速上升的；高聳，矗立soaringtemperature14、endow賦予，使天生具有

15、irreversible不可逆的，不能取消的，不能變更的Eg.Tomsufferedirreversiblebraindamageinthecrash16、thwart阻礙，阻饒；使。。。受挫；和。。。作梗17、mitigate緩和，減輕。。。的重要性

Egthejudgesaidthatnothingcouldmitigatethecrueltywithwhichthemotherhadtreatedherchild

17、beblindto….缺乏識別能力的，（對壞事無）視而不見的18、strident刺耳的，尖銳的

Egtheunionaregettingmorestridentintheirdemands（苛刻）19、aspiration強(qiáng)烈的愿望、渴望和志向20、demonize使成為魔鬼

21、capitalism資本主義bankercapitalism銀行資本主義22、maniac狂躁者，狂熱者

23、unleash把（能量、感情等）釋放出來，發(fā)泄；發(fā)出；發(fā)動24、legislate制定法律，立法

25、broadenonesvisionto拓寬某人看待某物的視野26、forthesakeof….為。。。。的好處著想27、poseagreatthreatto….給。。。帶來了嚴(yán)重的威脅28、two-edgedsword雙刃劍

29、miraculous奇跡般的，非凡的

30、upgraden升級，上升，增加；v使升級，提升，改良品種31、reformandopen-up改革開放32、antiquefurniture古董家具

33、acaseinpoint重要的一點(diǎn)是34、snoop探聽，窺探

35、brutalviolationofhumanrights對人權(quán)的野蠻踐踏36、devastating破壞性的，全然的

Egadevastatingargumentagainstourplan37、blame…….For…..應(yīng)為。。。。承擔(dān)責(zé)任，把。。。。歸咎于38、spur激勵，使再接再厲

39、brilliant燦爛的，閃耀的，有才氣的，超群的，卓越的、輝煌的40、eminent卓越的，杰出的，出名的，41、distinguished卓越的，杰出的

TheChinesenationisdistinguishedforitsdiligenceandcourage42、outstanding杰出的，出眾的，著名的43、plannedeconomy

44、long-strideprogress長足的進(jìn)步45、giveboostto。。。有助于。。。。。46、pillarindustry支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)47、beinterrelatedwith與。。。。相關(guān)48、elaborate詳細(xì)闡述

49、zeal熱心、熱誠Heshowsgreatzealforknowledge50、endupwith以。。。。而告終

51、takesthintoaccount考慮，斟酌

52、eligible合格的，有恰當(dāng)資格的eligibleforanaward53、growinto漸漸成為，變得54、contact感染（疾�。�，染上（惡習(xí)），招致（惡果）n合同，契約55、endeavor嘗試，企圖

56、unprecedented前所未有的，無前例，空前的57、rendersbto致使，使成為58、world-village地球村

59、modest不大的，適度的60、distinguishoneself表現(xiàn)出眾61、strivefor努力，奮斗，追求

62、beindicativeof指示的，標(biāo)示的，象征。。。的Eghispresenceisindicativeofhiswillingnesstohelp63、ignorant無知的，無學(xué)識的，愚昧的

64、harsh嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)酷的，無情的harshdiscipline/punishment65、remindsbofsth使某人想起某事66、practicemakesperfect熟能生巧67、mutual相互的，彼此的68、falsify篡改，偽造

69、shoulder擔(dān)負(fù)，承擔(dān)（重職、責(zé)任）

70、respectable受人尊敬的，規(guī)矩的，體面的，正派的71、devoteoneselfto把。。。專注于，把。。。奉獻(xiàn)給，專心致力于。。。72、beongoodtermswith…與。。。關(guān)系良好

73、lastbutnottheleast最后也是相當(dāng)重要的一點(diǎn)

74、subsist維持生活，生存下去subsistonbredandwater75、feature以。。為特色，特寫，放映

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